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T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D.

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Low Fat Diets Are Grossly Misrepresented

Posted: 09/28/2010 7:00 am

For more than two decades, many commentators have discussed and cussed so-called low-fat diets and gotten away with talking nonsense. It is time to look at some facts.

Virtually all of these discussions are based on recommendations of reports of the National Academy of Sciences during the 1980s when the initial suggestion was made to reduce total dietary fat to 30 percent (from the average of 35-37 percent of calories) -- I know because I co-authored the first of these reports on diet and cancer in 1982. Then, during the next decade or so, this 30 percent benchmark became the definition of a low fat diet. A myth was born because this diet did not lead to obesity, as claimed.

During the next 10 years when this low fat myth was growing, average percent dietary fat barely changed -- maybe decreasing a couple percentage points to about 33 percent, at best. In reality, the amount of fat consumed INCREASED because total calorie consumption also increased. Furthermore, during this same period of low fat mythology (1980s-1990s), obesity incidence increased.

Now, enter Robert Atkins and other writers who argued that obesity was increasing because of our switch to low fat diets. By going low fat -- so the mythical story went -- we were consuming more carbohydrate, an energy source from plant-based foods. This was a serious misrepresentation of the facts.

By falsely blaming low fat, 'high carb' diets for the obesity crisis, these writers were then free to promote the opposite: high fat, low 'carb', high cholesterol and high protein diets rich in animal-based foods, a so-called low 'carb' diet. During the initial discussions of this 'low carb' diet, no distinction was made between the refined carbohydrates (sugar and white flour as commonly present in processed foods) and the natural carbohydrates almost exclusively present in plant-based foods.

Later, some attention was given to refined carbohydrates (sugar, white flour) as a contributor to obesity, but by then the damage due to this obfuscation had been done. 'Carbs' were out, protein and fat were in. By initially demonizing 'carbs' and so-called 'low fat' diets and emphasizing increased protein and fat consumption, the intended path was clear: consume a diet rich in animal-based foods instead of a diet rich in plant-based foods.

Obesity continues to climb but not because of a switch to a plant-foods rich diet naturally low in fat and high in carbohydrate (TOTAL carbohydrate, that is). Rather, obesity increases as physical activity decreases and as sugary, fatty, salty processed food consumption increases.

More serious, however, is the effect that this mythology has had on suppressing information on the extraordinary health value of diets that are truly low in fat (10-12 percent). I am referring to a whole foods, plant-based diet that avoids added fat and processed and animal-based foods. This diet contains about 10-12 percent fat, sometimes pejoratively referred to as "extremely low fat". Call it what you will, but this diet (also low in total protein, about 8-10 percent) produces, by comparison, "extremely low" incidences of sickness and disease. In fact, it now has been shown not just to prevent these illnesses but to treat them. Importantly, this dietary lifestyle cannot be dismissed by the mythological argument that so-called low fat diets have been proven to be questionable.

Professional medical researchers and practitioners also repeat this same mantra as if it is real. It has been shown for example in the very large Nurses' Health Study at Harvard over an observation period of at least 14 years that reducing dietary fat from about 50 percent to about 25 percent of total calories has no association with breast cancer rates. Based on this and related studies, the sole manipulation of fat within this range does little or nothing when the diet still contains such high proportions of animal based and processed foods. Total protein remains very high throughout this range and worse, the proportion of protein from animal-based sources, already high when fat is high, if anything, increases even more when fat is independently decreased.

It is time that we seriously consider the health benefits of a whole food, plant based diet, which is naturally low in total fat, animal-based protein, and refined carbohydrates but rich in antioxidants and complex carbohydrates. The health benefits that are now being reported for this dietary lifestyle are unmatched in scope and magnitude of effect. It is time to discard the gibberish about low fat diets being responsible for the obesity epidemic. This demonizing of low fat diets does not apply to whole food plant-based diets, even lower in fat, because this dietary lifestyle really works. Just try it, but stay with it long enough to allow your body to overcome your taste preferences for fat that arise from its addictive nature.

 
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For more than two decades, many commentators have discussed and cussed so-called low-fat diets and gotten away with talking nonsense. It is time to look at some facts. Virtually all of these discussi...
For more than two decades, many commentators have discussed and cussed so-called low-fat diets and gotten away with talking nonsense. It is time to look at some facts. Virtually all of these discussi...
 
 
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10:10 PM on 10/26/2010
When we eat foods consistent with our human design, so many wonderful changes occur. We can eat to satiation and lose excess weight. Our bodies become more alkalinized. Our health improves and we can reduce our risk of conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. All we need to do is look at the longest living cultures to see that their diets are predominantly plant based and low to moderate fat, but not the junky, processed fat or heavy in animal fats. Seems fairly clear what works. Yet the controversy goes on, I believe, because we are very attached to taste preferences. I have specialized in working with overeaters for the past two decades and most lose weight and find it easier to keep off when they switch to a whole-foods plant based diet. Their cravings for junk decrease to near zero and their energy soars. They don't weigh or measure food and eat to satiation. Thank you T. Colin Campbell for leading the way with your research.
Julie M. Simon, MA, MBA, MFT, www.overeatingrecovery.com
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drramsey
Your Partner In Health
11:48 PM on 10/17/2010
The last paragraph of this article is a beautiful and accurate summary. If we eat foods as they exist in nature we would get plenty of healthy fats. The absolute need of essential fat in our diets is so underrated. We need good fat for brain health to maintaining a health metabolism. Simply put – avoiding anything in a can, bag, bottle or jar will have the type of fat that displaces the fat in our body that is the backbone to optimal well-being.
~ Dr. Theresa Ramsey, Author of Healing 101: A Guide to Creating the Foundation for Complete Wellness, http://www.DrRamsey.com, @DrRamsey
11:14 AM on 10/15/2010
I love Michael Pollan's books - most recently Food Rules - which is pretty consistent with what Campbell says here: eat mostly plants, not too much, not a lot of animal foods. Both Pollan and Campbell are down on processed foods, up on unrefined carbs, and down on too much animal protein - though Campbell is a little tougher on animal foods. Their wisdom certainly matches my own experience of 60+ years.
02:35 PM on 10/09/2010
Obesity increases because we eat too much. We take in too many calories and we don't even realize it. Is it directly related to the food supply? Without a doubt! I have tried every diet, low fat, low carb and low calorie. The fact is, if you lower calories you will stop gaining or lose weight. I prefer to do a low carb diet because it keeps me from retaining water, it is satisfying and it dulls my hunger so that I dont want to eat all the time. This is why it really works, it makes it easy to keep calorie intake down. A high carb diet makes me crave more carbs, since I am constantly having insulin spkes and crashing, wanting more energy - like a drug addict looking for a fix. If you are not effected by the insulin spikes, then you may be able to stick to low fat high carb, low calorie diet. However, there are many other health benifits of being on a low carb diet or even a low carb plant based diet for that matter. The biggest thing to remember is that every indegineous culture had lots of fat in their diets before we all started eating these processed foods. Fat has always been very important and contains vital nuturients....
02:25 PM on 10/04/2010
For 45 years the diet industry has been glorifying certain foods (carbs, proteins) and demonizing others (carbs, fats) and the results are impossible to miss. 70% of the U.S. adult population and 45% of the kids are overweight while experts and doctors continue to fight over what food group they can lecture about and write books about. The ONLY way to lose weight is to put less food in our mouths. There is no other magic formula. Dietitian Meredith Luce has calculated that we should be eating no more than 80 bites (or forkfuls) of food a day. See the results here: http://bit.ly/d7m0oB
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09:53 PM on 10/02/2010
Eat at least 5 cups of non starchy veggies every day, a couple of pieces of fruit, 4 to 6 ounces of lean protein,a couple of pieces of whole grain bread, and drink a gallon of lemon water daily. You'll lose weight any never be hungry.
04:35 PM on 10/02/2010
Read about the controversy surrounding Campbell's questionable research methods uncovered by reporter Denise Minger here:

http://livinlavidalowcarb.com/blog/livin-la-vida-low-carb-show-episode-405-denise-minger-exposes-some-major-flaws-in-the-china-study/9076
03:16 PM on 10/02/2010
Right on Ranveig!!
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Ranveig Elvebakk
Innovator, author and lecturer on weight and nutri
06:31 PM on 10/01/2010
We are again caught up in the "low-something - high something diet". Unfortunately we seem to view nutrition in these terms rather than using scientific information to determine what we really need to be in balance. We know what our daily requirements of macronutrients are. Furthermore, know what the major triggers of inflammation are, and meat is not one of them. Our recent problems are traceable to the inflammatory effects of refined sugar and fat. We, as opposed to the historic Inuit, have the luxury of the phytonutrients of plants, which makes for complete balance in our nutrition. Conversely, I have personally seen a number of vegetarians with weight and nutritional deficiency because of their unbalanced approach. Balance remains key.

Ranveig Elvebakk, MD
www.FoodTreeMD.com
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08:36 PM on 10/01/2010
I agree with you about balance in our diet. I love my diet and don't feel deprived. But isn't fun to watch the food wars between the vegans and the high fat/protein crowd? I enjoy it.
02:33 PM on 10/02/2010
Woo hoo! An MD that backs what I have always known.

Balance, eat fresh, clean and lean and work out--- enjoy life.

I was always a big fresh fruit eater; however, after running my numbers, my doctor told me to cut back because of the sugar. Granted, it's not processed, but because it's fruit isn't a license to eat too much! Veggies? Well, that's another story. :-)
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Ranveig Elvebakk
Innovator, author and lecturer on weight and nutri
05:43 PM on 10/06/2010
Touche. Fruit raises the blood sugar of diabetics, veggies dont.

Please folle\ow me on Facebook and Twitter:
www.twitter.com/thefoodtree
http://www.facebook.com/pages/San-Francisco-CA/The-Food-Tree/323069381176

Ranveig Elvebakk, MD
07:49 PM on 09/30/2010
Man, I am getting seriously confused. On the one hand, you've got the Paleo/Primal crowd featuring lots of protein and a goodly amount of "good" fats (olive oil, coconut oil, organic butter, also the animal fats from grass-fed beef), along with lots of fresh greens and some fruit. Then you've got the almost -vegetarian philosophy as above... As an overweight guy who's been wrestling with his excess for a while, I've lost and kept off 65+ lbs. over these two years, With another 45-50 lbs. to go, in general good health, organ and blood tests in the green, I can say:

1. The elimination or extreme reduction of starchy, sugary and processed foods from the diet is the key to weight control and overall health.
2. You can live healthily on an all-meat diet. (See: http://www.biblelife.org/stefansson1.htm)
3. You can live healthily on an all-plant based diet.
4. I've tried both, and personally, a good combination of meat/fish/eggs with lots of plant material and "good" fats just works the best for me! YMMV!!
5. Moderation is key, with intermittent fasting a good and healthy practice.

Different things work better for different individuals. Just look at the many different cuisines and likes/dislikes around the world, or in your own circle of friends. I don't see that there's a need to think in absolutes and constantly try and limit the discussion to one size fits all at all times.
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HerrMonk
Fighter, Trainer, Nat.Sec.Consultant, Libertine
07:56 PM on 09/30/2010
"Different things work better for different individuals. Just look at the many different cuisines and likes/dislikes around the world, or in your own circle of friends. I don't see that there's a need to think in absolutes and constantly try and limit the discussion to one size fits all at all times. "

That's not really true.

Some people are more allergic, or less able to handle the non-foods that exist in some traditional cuisine (you have to remember, all cultural food we're talking about is post-agricultural revolution). Some people are "okay" (read, just get fat) eating corn, others are terribly allergic. No one was made to eat corn.

It's more like worse-worse vs. better-worse, unless you really want to argue health is relative, which gets argued a lot on here, but doesn't hold up very well in the real world.
10:28 PM on 10/01/2010
For some reason, corn is the only grain that agrees with me. ;-)
02:36 PM on 10/02/2010
Wasn't that what he meant by "Different things work better for different individuals"? Seems like you are saying the same thing.

We can tolerate different foods, so one type of diet that is good for you might be a disaster for me.

Just sayin' you're sayin' the same thing.
05:12 PM on 09/30/2010
Per-capita salad and cooking oil use between 1990 and 2005 went up 69.4% and constitutes most of the increase of fats and oils consumption in that period of time.

http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0104742.html

Ray Peat (Ph.D. in Biology from the University of Oregon, with specialization in physiology) says all unsaturated vegetable oils are damaging to cells. He also has some concerns about animal fat from animals fed corn and soy beans.

http://raypeat.com/articles/articles/unsaturated-oils.shtml

In the video, Caldwell Esselstyn, MD (former chief of surgery at the Cleveland Clinic) discusses his 18-year study whereby he reversed severe heart disease in every patient in his program -- who had all been sent home to die by their cardiologists.

He also advocates a very low fat plant based diet. That includes avoiding vegetable oil.

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5215695644951404318#

Robert H. Lustig, MD, UCSF Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Endocrinology, says fructose interferes with the feedback signal to stop eating.

http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.aspx?showID=16717

Fructose and unsaturated oils making losing weight more difficult due to their effects on metabolism.
10:36 AM on 09/30/2010
Dr. Campbell backs up his claims with clinical evidence that have proven his dietary recommendations can not only treat but even reverse severe heart disease and stop early cancer growth, with references to peer-reviewed studies that use high-tech equipment to measure the actual underlying diseases rather than just mere risk factors such as cholesterol.[1-3]

In the only peer-reviewed study that actually measured the impact of the Atkins diet on heart disease with nuclear imaging technology, the Atkins group experienced a 40% decrease of blood-flow to the heart over the period of 12 months, showing a significant worsening of the disease. However, patients in the whole-foods plant based group experienced a greater than 40% increase of blood-flow to the heart over the same period, showing evidence of a reversal of heart disease.[4]
The Atkins crowd cite studies that show risk factors, and not the underlying disease.

There is a long list of health complications people experience in studies on a Atkins type diet - including sudden death.[5]

References:
1. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1520-037X.2001.00538.x/pdf
2. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/280/23/2001
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/274/11/894.pdf
3. http://www.pnas.org/content/105/24/8369.full.pdf+html
4. http://ang.sagepub.com/content/51/10/817.abstract
5. http://apjcn.nhri.org.tw/server/apjcn/volume12/vol12.4/fullArticles/crowe.pdf
02:03 PM on 09/30/2010
I see. So although there has never been ANY significant research done on the Atkins diet, I'm interested to know what you think is better than the high vegetable, low grain approach Atkins recommended.
08:36 AM on 10/01/2010
If there's never been any significant research on the Atkins diet why do you think it is superior? Faith?
10:57 PM on 10/01/2010
Wrong.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15632335?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.Pentrez.Pubmed.Pubmed

http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/297/9/969

Also, the actual 'China study' doesn't support the claims Campbell makes in his book. This link will provide you with other links on the subject.

http://www.proteinpower.com/drmike/cancer/the-china-study-vs-the-china-study/
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clearthinker2008
we need to respect each other
09:40 AM on 09/30/2010
Please stop pushing the low fat mantra, it's old and played. Low fat diets are bad for the bones, diabetics, and can lead to depression and a constant feeling of hunger. Low fat diets are high carb diets and for the last 30 years Americans consumption of fat decrease but most Americans waistlines did not. Matter of fact, when "they" decided that we should abolish fat from out diets many Americans gained lots of weight. I'm sick and tried of "them" trying to push this nonsense. I'm no longer buying what you are selling. I got control of my eating by eating much more fat, increasing my meat consumption, eliminating trans-fat, and stuff like years ago. Of course my case is anecdotal and so is my mother's, who is a diabetic and didn't see improvement until she went low carb, against her nutritionist advise by the way. However, there are many studies from places like Harvard to prove it. You know the drill, google it. As a side note, my skin is great and I'm not even close to being fat.

Note: Of course I'm not talking about man made trans-fats here.
11:12 PM on 09/30/2010
I just want to say to you and everyone else extremes are never good, high-fat diet bad, low-fat diet bad. You seem to be the kind of person that assumes "I'm not fat so I must be health" the problem is the fat isn't on your gut its in your arteries and if you keep it up you will probably die prematurely of heart disease.
11:09 PM on 10/01/2010
There is some evidence that carbs are the culprit, not fats.

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=carbs-against-cardio
02:42 AM on 09/30/2010
tips for gaining weight:
if your waiting in your car to get your food delivered to your window, your going to get fat

if your giving your kids a 1500-2000 calorie milk shake, you will make them fat too

if half of the energy you consume daily comes from white refined sugar, your going to get fat.

if you want to look older than you are keep eating processed crap

To lose weight, do the opposite of the above
02:09 PM on 09/30/2010
I had a meeting with two work colleagues yesterday. One had not seen me for four months and one had not seen me for over two years. Both of them gasped at how different I look since we last met and were full of compliments. Much of what I'm doing is described by your post. There's a bit more, but the effects are proving to be rather dramatic it seems.

http://winningtheobesitybattle.wordpress.com/
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Leslie Robinson Goldberg
Writer
01:43 AM on 09/30/2010
Dr. Campbell is to be commended for still giving a (you fill in the blank) about what people eat or don't eat. I wouldn't care at all except the American diet is literally torturing animals and seriously hurting the environment. It's also hurting children who are getting fatter and fatter. I eat a low-fat, whole foods plant-based diet and I feel great. People tell me I look good, but even if I didn't look good I'd still eat this diet. I care about animals and factory farming is so violent, so ugly, so vicious, I can't bear to be involved. There are some things more important to me than how I look. Yeah, I know that sounds down right traitorous.
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elcerritan
My bio is not micro
12:10 PM on 09/30/2010
The fact that the Standard American Diet is terrible doesn't mean that Campbell's pseudo-scientific conclusions in "The China Study" are correct. And by the way, I look good and feel great, too, and I eat meat and other animal-based foods (from decent producers, not factory farms).