By the first years after 1900, tens of thousands of African Americans had been sold by southern state governments. This isn't an easy story for Americans to accept. The idea that basic freedom was denied to an enormous population until the middle of the 20th century fits nowhere in the triumphalist accounts we prefer.
The commentators who have flooded television, blogs and Twitter with their horror over then-Senator Obama's 2007 speech at Hampton University are manifesting that age-old anxiety that if African Americans somehow address each other - especially on political topics - then it must be about division, separatism and conspiracy.