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Tanya Luhrmann

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When God Talks Back

Posted: 03/27/2012 12:22 pm

I am an anthropologist. More than 10 years ago now I was in pursuit of a project on religion and community when a young, blond, giggly California beach girl told me that I should have a cup of coffee with God. She loved hanging out with the Lord, she said. They chatted in the morning, she said. He was kind and loving and he helped her to sort out her life -- a perfect boyfriend, she chuckled. When she had first come to the church, she said, she hadn't been able to pray. To get down on her knees. Now, she found it easy to pray, though she still didn't kneel. Now, she could talk to God about anything. She did not, she went on, ask God whether she should paint her toenails. Then she hesitated, as if wondering whether she wouldn't. "It's a very humbling experience," she explained, "because you're talking to the Creator, and you're an ant. You know, he created the human race so that he could have a relationship with us. It's almost like -- I wonder whether he's lonely, or was lonely. It just kind of blows my mind."

That conversation blew my mind. Ten years of hard work later, I have begun to understand -- with the eyes of a social scientist -- what she meant.

Millions and millions of Americans experience themselves as having a personal relationship with God that is as vivid and intimate as a child's imaginary friend. They go for walks with God. They go on dates with God. Sometimes they set a place at the dinner table for God and sit down across from the place setting to talk things over with Him. Exactly how many Americans have so intimate a relationship is a little hard to determine, but that is the kind of relationship many evangelicals seek. Rick Warren's "Purpose Driven Life" -- more than 25 million copies sold -- says that God should be your "best friend." Dallas Willard, a beloved evangelical author, explains that God's face-to-face conversations with Moses are the "normal human life God intended for us." In 2008, the Pew Foundation found that more than a quarter of all Americans said that God had given them a direct revelation.

Why has this way of imagining God become so popular for modern Americans? It is not the first time that God has inflamed the American senses. Over the course of our history, there have been periods when people have sought to experience God intensely and immediately. Historians have called them "great awakenings." No doubt these yearnings are fueled by different motivations at different times. In this era, the yearning may be fueled by secular doubt. No Christian in America is unaware that there are other Americans who are not Christian, and are not even believers; and that may be unsettling, for the knowledge raises the possibility that one's own beliefs are hollow. The quest to experience God with personal immediacy may arise out of this climate of doubt, for a God you can feel and hear and talk to can dispel the anxiety raised by a neighbor's skeptical look.

The harder question is how. Evolutionary psychologists have argued that the fundamentals of religion are undergirded by our cognitive structures, so that the idea of an invisible agent automatically seems plausible. But it is one thing to feel intuitively that there might be a God, and another to sit down across from an empty table setting for a conversation and believe that you are not talking to the empty air. What I saw as an anthropologist was that experiencing God vividly required work. It required skill and it required practice. People had to practice imagining that God was present again and again. This does not mean that God is imaginary: the senses capture only the material world, not an immaterial one. It does mean that those who sought to use their imagination had to learn to take what they imagined seriously, and not treat it as ephemeral thought.

What I found so striking as an anthropologist is that prayer changed people, not so much morally or emotionally, although prayer might change people in these ways, but in their capacity to imagine. Prayer changed the way people used their imagination and it changed the quality of their imagination, so that what they imagined felt more real to them. They became able to feel God beside then as they walked. They experienced God as talking back. They needed to use a new "theory of mind" to do this -- they needed to be taught that what happened in their imaginations could be real. But when they practiced taking what they imagined seriously, they began to feel that they had evidence that God was real and responding to them.

It is important to recognize the trained imagination at work in evangelical prayer because otherwise this style of faith can seem incomprehensible, even foolish, to onlookers. It is neither. These evangelicals are using a style of faith practice used by the desert fathers and medieval monks and -- in different forms -- by different faith communities around the world. They use these practices because these practices make God more real. In a world full of secular skepticism, that can be useful.

 
 
 
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
soma77
Author, Speaker, Retreat Facilitator
08:22 PM on 04/28/2012
A problem with the relationships are many want a relationship with God only as advisor. They talk, but don't listen.
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Razpooten
Nil homini certum est
06:10 PM on 04/09/2012
To have a conversation with a god requires suspending reason (good sense) and reality.
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Razpooten
Nil homini certum est
06:02 PM on 04/09/2012
When god talks back; it's time to seek a shrink.
01:21 AM on 03/31/2012
Sounds like the author should read this book.

http://www.amazon.com/Origin-Consciousness-Breakdown-Bicameral-Mind/dp/0618057072/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1333171207&sr=8-1-fkmr0

The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
08:41 PM on 03/30/2012
When I was very young I considered taking my life. Methodically (I later became an engineer), I laid out the tools to do so. Just as I was about to begin, I heard a voice say, "You haven't tried life yet." There was no one else in the house. A few weeks ago, I went through a period of sleepless nights. I have sleep apnea and was having trouble tolerating my CPAP mask. Desperate, I tried to fall asleep in a chair. I heard a voice say, "Relax your throat." I tried that in bed with my CPAP on and fell instantly to sleep. There was no one else in the house. Imagination? To a doubting outsider, yes, but I know otherwise. Experience is an entirely different phenomenon than belief.
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tholin
04:09 PM on 03/31/2012
Notice how intuitively we all become "doubting outsiders", depending on the content attributed to voice(s) heard. Whether it's the schizophrenic heeding the order to step from the roof ledge, or a sitting president hearing a mandate to invade another country, we summarily dismiss these claims as the products of troubled minds - unless the voices offer something helpful and altruistic.

Auditory hallucinations are experienced under a number of circumstances; mental stress, sleep deprivation, emotional trauma, anesthesia, psychotropic drugs, etc., but the one cardinal trait that is common to all recipients is just how realistic and convincing the experience is, to the extent that the individual is compelled to assign an origin outside of their own mind.
05:54 PM on 03/31/2012
Yikes, I just posted under NYTRefugee, my friend's account. He never logs out and I didn't notice.
05:48 PM on 03/31/2012
Sounds good, but you have no basis to posit auditory hallucinations on my part. You don't know me. You've not even inquired what my occupation and training are or whether I've experienced this in other situations. You speculate out of hand. I have the benefit of having been there and---having been me all my life-- endowed with a nearly infinite array of personal mental states with which to compare these. I can go so far as to say lucidity is my stock in trade. Just be honest and say you don't believe me, rather than theorize about what you can't possibly know. I accept that, like Newton and Galileo, I am reporting what many others will not accept, though it is true. I'm not the only one. There are now endless reports of non-standard experiences, and proofs of them in many cases, that prevailing wisdom chooses to belittle or ignore. It doesn't mean that one day the principles behind such phenomena won't be taught in science classes, like gravity and a round earth now are.
11:05 AM on 04/01/2012
It's happened before, actually. No problem, BuddhaBabe. I support your comments.
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Razpooten
Nil homini certum est
06:13 PM on 04/09/2012
The human mind cannot differentiate between a real experience and a hallucination.
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Halsey
"There is a price to pay for speaking the truth. T
07:24 PM on 03/30/2012
As one who's sought out, read, trusted with the Blind Faith many of were ingrained with; I, not without some sadness, know that we've got it wrong and have for over 2000 years; actually a short timeframe if one studies the reigns of Greek, Roman gods, or pagan powers, etc. etc. Having studied and wanted it to be so, I simply accept that the words were written by and for men. Yes, a few significant females thrown in for fun; my last readthrough was almost as an editor(the bible I mean). I was astounded at the many discrepancies, interpretations....blah blah.. I still accept the something that exists forever, did, indeed create the first semblance of life and let Free Will take it from there.
The God of Abrahman is a geneology, interpreted by those who, even in ignorance, had an agenda.

Thus sayeth, me
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Razpooten
Nil homini certum est
06:04 PM on 04/09/2012
Thou sayeth well.
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smalldar56
03:52 PM on 03/30/2012
We let God talk us by reading our Bible daily.
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Razpooten
Nil homini certum est
06:05 PM on 04/09/2012
To each his reach.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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01:36 PM on 03/30/2012
It makes you wonder
who we
are avoiding here on earth...
when we are all in the same
room
talking
even to each other
only above our head
with God.

They walk on.
07:03 PM on 03/30/2012
But she who is not in the room
Calls us with her whisper.
An ear trained on her voice
will hear her love song
beckoning to her lover.

And when all conversations
simmer down to this soft silence
then all who are in this room
shall discover his inner voice
speaking with each breath
of the unity that is
between all of us.

And we hear the ancient call
"Build me a temple and I shall dwell
among thee."

Ek Ong Kar Sat Nam
One, Essence of All, Creation, True Name
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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08:17 PM on 03/30/2012
My fear is
that Ha Satan
has crawled up each and every one of us
and is using
us

as if on a fork in front of him..
asking each and every person in the world
if they would do this or do that to us...
so that he can have them
for Hell

and we are spending all of our time
trying to show God
how he is
forcing us to be
at everyone
and do
everything they are incapable
of doing for themselves..
including
working and speaking
and singing
and walking.
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Zariana
For SCIENCE!!!
08:37 AM on 03/30/2012
It's a good reminder that the human brain is a complex thing, and people have "seen" (i.e. hallucinated) UFO's, aliens, pixies, fairies, demons, angels--stuff of both nightmares and dreams--throughout human history and claimed that they were real.

Is it any surprise that some people have God over for a hot beverage? I'm curious to know if God likes his coffee with sugar, cream, or black.
01:59 PM on 03/30/2012
People have seen UFOs. It has been proven and documented. There are many sightings with the number increasing recently. The question is whether or not these UFOs are a creation of extra-terrestrials. UFO is merely an acronym for unidentified flying object.
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Razpooten
Nil homini certum est
06:06 PM on 04/09/2012
Excellent observation.
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eddy joe
welcome to the machine
07:03 AM on 03/30/2012
there have been periods when people have sought to experience God intensely and immediately. Historians have called them "great awakenings." No doubt these yearnings are fueled by different ld bmotivations at different times. In this era, the yearning may be fueled by secular doubt. .... Or it could be fueled by God. John 6:44 "No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me ...

bible.cc/john/6-44.htm - Similarto John 6:44 "No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me ...

No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at .... Their obstinacy and unbelief (Joh 6:41,42) called out this.
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Claude Hosch
A single bracelet does not jingle
10:20 PM on 03/29/2012
As a Christian I don't subscribe to an imagined God, but rather a God through reason, revelation and inspiration to be moral in behavior. It is not necessary to imagine a God that tells who he is through His inspired writings (not limited to the Bible). One must be opened minded, but not gullible

Before I began serious study, I imagined a lot, but as I studied and matured spiritually, discernment replaced imagination. I still have questions, but also the patience to wait for the answers; rather than imagine I study more carefully, reflecting on what's read and seeking deeper meaning.

"So then faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God" (Rom.10:17).

As for the imagination: its serves good and bad thoughts equally, and should be subjected to moral guidelines.
researcher
researcher
04:53 AM on 03/30/2012
pretty darn good explantion about life.

discernment replaced imagination. very well stated.
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Claude Hosch
A single bracelet does not jingle
12:48 PM on 03/30/2012
Thanks.
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Zariana
For SCIENCE!!!
08:45 AM on 03/30/2012
I think your first sentence sums up very nicely how enlightened Christians approach their relationship with God.

The other difference, I suspect, is this:
Reasoned Christianity spreads ideas through discussion and reflection.
Evangelical Christianity spreads ideas through legislation.
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Claude Hosch
A single bracelet does not jingle
12:49 PM on 03/30/2012
Thanks, and I share you rsuspicion.
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Alex Prior
Abyssum abyssus invocat
07:19 PM on 03/29/2012
It will be fascinating to read your book. I have half a suspicion that it might provide a mechanism for theory around the recurrence of revelatory heresies, eg Montanism (170 A.D, emphasized prophecy, direct revelation from the Holy Spirit); Donatism (311 AD, a morally unworthy clergyman could not perform valid ecclessial actions); our well-known friends the Cathars. Like the great awakenings, we've had theory, but the mechanism has been contested heavily contested.
06:30 PM on 03/31/2012
thanks!! let me know what you think :-)
05:36 PM on 03/29/2012
Faith is not imaginary, it is very real for those who place their faith in something. For me it is the God of the bible and his Word. Yet it seems that people who claim to hear the voice of God are ridiculed and some people make outlandish comments regarding His vocalizations to them. I will not judge those who claim to hear His voice because I am a mere mortal and will only compare their remarks based on His Word,the Bible. Truth is, it we hear the very vocalizations of God we would not be able to stand on our feet. God is also not your "buddy", He is the Soverign Most Holy God and should be treated with reverence.
02:03 PM on 03/30/2012
Faith is not imaginary but what you put your faith into may well be.
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pdferguson
Micro-bios? We don't need no stinkin' micro-bios!
04:53 PM on 03/30/2012
There's no such thing as the "word of God", there's only the words of men. Until you accept that simple fact, you will never see clearly, but will fall sway to those whose livelihood depends on convincing you that faith is a virtue. It is not.

Treat your fellow man with reverence, your imaginary friend doesn't need it, regardless of whether he's your "buddy" or not.
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Razpooten
Nil homini certum est
06:21 PM on 04/09/2012
Precisely.
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bump00000
The Seventh Chakra, amazon
01:29 PM on 03/29/2012
I have read down through the posts and one thing I have noticed nobody mentioning is maybe the voices are real.

When I say real, they are the reverb of the scriptures they have read from what ever Holy book they believe in.
Should I kill the kid? "Thou shall not."
Should I cheat on my wife? "God won't like it and your wife will kick your arse."

How often do you find someone making a comment and then hear the playing of a song from years ago, the lyrics reflected in their statement?

"Anyway you want it, that's the way you get it"


"Imagine...." Music note, music note.....
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Zariana
For SCIENCE!!!
08:50 AM on 03/30/2012
Belief applies to opinions, not objective reality.

Voices you hear in your head, things you see that no one else sees are hallucinations. They are fairly common.
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bump00000
The Seventh Chakra, amazon
11:57 AM on 03/30/2012
"Or misty water colored memories."

Experiment, read the following line and see if you hear a voice in your head. Remember the voice isn't yours. They are the multitude of voices that taught you to read in this language.



"I'm in you, and you're in me, and we are all together.

Right now......over ...."

Finish it. Say the last word. Assuming you've heard the song.

Remember we're talking about deity voices. They are not necessarily verbal thoughts but memories of teachings previously "read or taught" voices.

Ever hear your mother's voice telling you something? Or say something to your kids that were the same thing your mother or father said to you?
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Razpooten
Nil homini certum est
06:22 PM on 04/09/2012
If you listen to the book you will quit eating lobster.
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Itsbeenalongday
Eliminating poverty is smart business
05:17 AM on 03/29/2012
The scary thing is that people with these sort of beliefs want to rule the world or at least become President.
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eddy joe
welcome to the machine
07:06 AM on 03/30/2012
The scary thing is that so many ignore the word of God.
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pdferguson
Micro-bios? We don't need no stinkin' micro-bios!
12:03 PM on 03/30/2012
There is no "word of God", eddy, there's only the words of men. Please make a note of this, because you apparently haven't figured this out for yourself.
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Itsbeenalongday
Eliminating poverty is smart business
09:21 PM on 03/30/2012
A belief in God is the way ignorant people explain all of that which they do not understand. It is also the means by which they can escape the reality of death by believing they have a mythical better world to go to when it happens.
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Razpooten
Nil homini certum est
06:23 PM on 04/09/2012
Yes it is.