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Thomas Fisher

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Tenure: Use It or Lose It

Posted: 08/17/11 03:16 PM ET

Recent efforts in statehouses around the United States, most notably in Madison, Wisconsin, to abolish public employees' and K-12 teachers' collective bargaining rights suggest that attacks on the tenure system in public higher education will not be far behind. To those who see everything in terms of the marketplace, tenure can seem anti-competitive and inefficient: if companies don't offer tenure, why should universities? Lost on most critics of tenure is the fact that universities are much more like municipalities than they are like companies, and tenured faculty are more like the property owners in a community than employees in a business.

It's not surprising that such arguments fall on deaf ears among governors and legislators trying to cut budgets and reduce the size of government. The public pressure to keep tuition increases down, the widespread misunderstanding of faculty workloads (faculty work on average over 60 hours/week), and the growing anti-intellectualism in our public discourse, may further embolden those who see tenure as a costly and cushy deal, or who simply do not like or trust academics for whatever reason. So far, public universities have largely remained below the radar among those who have shown a startling animosity toward public-sector employees. Given what we have witnessed in Madison, however, hoping that tenure will remain unchallenged and that universities can successfully fend off attacks on tenure as they largely have in the past do not seem like effective strategies.

Instead, when it comes to tenure, faculty need to "use it or lose it." In other words, the best defense of tenure is a good offense, remembering why we have tenure in the first place and putting it to use in ways that the public and even skeptical politicians will recognize as valuable and worth protecting. One of the primary purposes of tenure is to protect faculty who speak out about potentially controversial subjects from retribution. As such, tenure largely serves the public interest by giving people access to pertinent facts and to the "truth" as currently understood by those with expertise in a specific area. Drawing attention to the public benefit that tenure provides seems essential at a time when some will want to portray it as an undeserved privilege.

With the receipt of tenure comes a responsibility to serve not just as educators and researchers, but also as public commentators, addressing a broad audience about issues of general interest from the perspective of a particular discipline. In addition to publishing in journals, tenured faculty need to write or speak to the public about their work in ways and through venues accessible to everyone. To demonstrate the value of tenure, faculty have to demonstrate the reason we have it to begin with by taking stands on important topics that may require the protection it provides.

That may seem like a risky approach. It might seem safer for tenured faculty to keep a low profile and wait out the current wave of cost cutting, while avoiding possibly controversial issues that might draw the attention of and even antagonize the very politicians who may look for reasons to go after tenure. I understand that sentiment, and while addressing controversial issues may anger a few, not doing so could disaffect a far greater number of people if speaking out would have made a difference in the public understanding of an issue or led to an improved outcome as a result.

It's time for tenured faculty to recognize their role and use the variety of tools at their disposal to reach out to a broad public before they lose that capability altogether.

Thomas Fisher is the Dean of the College of Design at the University of Minnesota.

 

Follow Thomas Fisher on Twitter: www.twitter.com/@MNDesignDean

 
 
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02:22 PM on 09/03/2011
I agree with the theoretical value of tenure at the college level. However, every undergraduate science and mathematics class I took at the University of Minnesota was taught by a teaching assistant (TA) who barely spoke any English. Big names on the tuition bulletins, but they never showed up for a lecture! Huge lecture halls filled with eager students with minds dulled by boring lectures from graduate students. I call that false advertising in the real world. This was the norm, not the exception.

If a professor gets tenure then that person owes it to their profession, the school and the students to at least show up once in a while. Or go paint houses.
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JoeyDee2
I know what just passed here
09:42 AM on 08/23/2011
"Lost on most critics of tenure is the fact that universities are much more like municipalities than they are like companies, and tenured faculty are more like the property owners in a community than employees in a business."

Really, Professor. Anyone interested in an adjunct's point of view where schools employ "part-time" faculty with Walmart-like compensation and no benefits? How is this not like a business? What about the consumerist culture which now pervades colleges and universities with grade inflation and enabling rather than challenging students?

I don't want tenure; I want a living wage. The $61,000 salary cited below sounds like a fortune to me.

And to those with tenure and full-time professional status, they'll coming after you--eventually. The adjunct system is a grievous wrong. If it were to be righted, it would need all faculty banding together.
04:46 PM on 08/19/2011
My father recently sent me an article from the Wall Street Journal in which this canard was presented: "[T]enured professors at many universities, often with shockingly light teaching loads, enjoy six-figure salaries, summers of freedom and sabbatical years that are, again, unduplicated in the rest of the economy."

As I enter my twentieth year of teaching college English, I can say that my teaching load's still four courses per semester and that I grade in the range of 7,500 typed pages per school year. With course preparations, committee work and all of the other requirements of my job, I put in more than full-time hours, and only after those are done can I focus on the second (required) part of my job: research and creative work: another at least 20 hours a week.

I don't make six-figures -- probably never will. (The median salary for an associate professor of English is approximately $61,000.)

Please don't take any of this as woe-is-me-ing. I have the greatest job in the world: sharing ideas, talking with other people about words and meaning. I said to a friend of mine (Hi, Julie) just the other day: anyone with experience and credentials like mine in another profession wouldn't be driving a seven-year-old Kia Rio. I, however, am paid in time, time to pursue what's important to me, and I willingly give up creature comforts (although I'd really like a new car) and large paychecks for that.
07:47 AM on 08/19/2011
The people who are calling for the end of tenure are not people who are going to see the value in the truth. They don't want the truth. They want the lies that FoxNews gives them, and confronting them with the truth is only going to strengthen their hatred for education and tenure.
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gr8bsn
An equal opportunity offender since 1978
03:17 PM on 08/20/2011
Try defending tenure with facts instead of ranting about cable TV news.
09:44 PM on 08/20/2011
The article did that. Tenure's been around in my state for nearly 80 years, and it's worked well the whole time. It's kept the most experienced teachers in front of students when funding cuts would have made it desirable, at least to the short-sighted, to fire them to cut costs. It's allowed teachers to advocate for students when it's unpopular with administration. As much damage as NCLB has done, it would have narrowed the curriculum more if tenured teachers hadn't refused to become test-prep-coordinators, opting instead to continue to do their jobs.

Tenure produces an occasional anecdote that anti-tenure zealots can twist to their uses and a lot of good for schools. But as I said, the anti-tenure zealots aren't the sort that are interested in facts.
Huzie
I do not suffer fools....period
08:52 AM on 08/18/2011
As a teacher with almost 25 years into the state system, I can tell you that in New York, the calls to end seniority is the painless way for school districts to get rid of more experienced ( read more expensive) teachers. Some districts love their great teachers, even if they are up there on the pay scale, others will find ways to dump the more expensive ones so they can get "twofers." Yes there are some bad teachers who slipped through the system, but the good ones far outnumber them. By doing this they will have essentially destroyed tenure without having to actually go after it. Genius on their part. We are destroying the public school system, which maybe be part of the bigger plan
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gr8bsn
An equal opportunity offender since 1978
03:19 PM on 08/20/2011
Tenure is why young teachers fresh out of college can't get work. Tenure is why I drove a truck for 3 years after getting my teaching certificate.
Huzie
I do not suffer fools....period
04:09 PM on 08/20/2011
I feel your pain, I graduated college and could not find a job in a public school. Found one in a private school making almost nothing and no benefits. That said, can we really assume that tenure means incompetant teachers are keeping young teachers from getting jobs or on the other hand what if you were a terrific experienced teacher who got dumped for someone cheaper. I taught in the private school for 5 years and they wanted to get rid of me because I was going to have a baby. That's what tenure and unions prevent. I stayed home six years with two kids and went back as a permanent sub for three years., I got my big break at 37. It's a tough profession to get a foothold in. But tenure protects you from the whims of influential parents and adminstrators you may run a foul of.
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h23154
08:20 AM on 08/18/2011
I get the concept of tenure in Universities where professors are required to do research and writing and generally teach and write about controversial and cutting edge subjects. I do not get it in the context of a first grade teacher who does none of that. If the idea is job security, then everyone ought to have it. That way we can all enjoy the type of job security teachers get so that, for example and is typical in Pennsylvania schools, after three years you can be fired only after a long and expensive process. Won't it be fun to go to Pep Boys and know that the inept mechanic working on your car cannot be fired just for taking too long or doing a lousy job? I love the post about tenure protecting a "decent" teacher. Is the bar that low?
03:41 PM on 08/19/2011
The tenure that one receives at a post-secondary level is very different from the tenure that one receives at the secondary level or lower. Although tenure of the college level means that the professor and the school have entered into a guaranteed employment relationship, tenure for first-grade teachers and other public school teachers means, simply, that, should the school wish to terminate their employment, those teachers are entitled to just-cause/due-process hearings. This protects teachers from the whims of administrators, the whims of school boards and the whims of parents. Sometimes, sadly, it can protect less than decent teachers, but this is the exception rather than the rule for the over 3,000,000 public school teachers in the United States.

And so you can see that teachers and teachers unions actually agree that "lousy" teachers should not keep their jobs, here is a quote from a December 2010 article.

"If someone's incompetent, they shouldn't be in the classroom," said Ted Kirsch, president of the Pennsylvania chapter of the American Federation of Teachers and past president of the Philadelphia Federation of Teachers. Kirsch defended the protection offered by tenure while acknowledging that the evaluation process could be improved. "If people commit certain indiscretions dealing with kids, they shouldn't be there. All we are saying is they should have their day in court."
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h23154
08:31 PM on 08/19/2011
I suspect you have never seen this in action. It came out not that long ago that in NYC they have what they call "rubber rooms" where tenured teachers who do not belong in a classroom sit around all day doing nothing while collecting pay checks and benefits. In a lot of other districts they just shuffle them around like the Catholic Church does with pedophiles - unsuspecting parents suddenly find that a teacher known to be bad is now teaching their children. School administrators know that the cost of getting rid of a burned out or just plan bad tenured teacher are so prohibitive they do not bother.

What you think works leads to a very long time while that teacher is still in a classroom or the District has to hire a replacement and pay two salaries and benefits packages.

Theory is nice. But it is not always reality. 99.4% of Pennsylvania teachers are rated satisfactory every year. No profession can claim that rate of competency. Bu do you know why? because if the teacher gets an unsatisfactory rating the unions file a grievance and the cost are too burdensome.
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02:01 AM on 08/18/2011
hmm... dragging our teachers into the 21st century and in line with everyone else who works... what a novel idea... what will they think of next? The wheel?
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Storyhill
10:46 PM on 08/17/2011
The days of becoming a teacher as a default are gone. Tenure protects teachers who have earned it through intensive evaluations for three years from the revolving door of whimsical and sometime vengeful administrators. The most experienced and skillful and at times the most vocal teachers are the tenured teachers.
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EthnicHeart
12:59 AM on 08/18/2011
Well said. F&F
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kasv
Think... Republicans haven't outlawed it yet.
01:34 AM on 08/18/2011
How right you are. My husband taught for 35 years and I can tell you education politics are nasty. The administrators (most have NEVER taught) make much more than teachers and a great percentage of them love nothing more than to tell a teacher how to deal with the kids in their class, how to teach a subject, and how to best genuflect in their presence. Tenure is the only thing that protects a decent teacher that is a teacher first, last and always from the whims of the administrators.
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Storyhill
10:39 PM on 08/17/2011
Freedom of speech will be censored if tenure for College profs is eliminated.
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02:03 AM on 08/18/2011
Freedom of Speech is an individual right not a collective one, you have no freedom of speech at work, teacher or not...Take responsibilty for your actions (you might get famous or fired!)
05:50 AM on 08/18/2011
Why shouldnt a workers have freedom of speech at work?
08:52 PM on 08/17/2011
I think tenure is an idea past its usefullness. In today's litigious society, there are now laws and civil means to fight a dismissal for "ideas" and those who speak out about, well, anything.

The ONLY people for tenure are teachers and union people. Why? {...}
The answere is NOT ignorance, as you unjustly eluded too. It is simple common sense.

-faculty work on average over 60 hours/week-
On?
and
You of course have the studies available for all to read...
06:01 AM on 08/18/2011
Your comments show ignorance of what is going on in public education. In a perfect world, laws and civil means can (and would) be used to fight unfair dismissals. However, this is not a perfect world. The laws are not strong enough. Tenure is one of the few safeguards that protect the rights of a teacher in the workplace. Remember, it is the bosses, the administrators, who give tenure out. Teachers I know worked HARDER after tenure, because they knew they could not be fired without cause or due process. In fact, just to clarify, tenure simply means due process in firing practices-not job protection for life. Bad teachers, if and when they exist, can be removed from the classroom, even with tenure.

Oh and the study! Here you go:
http://theapple.monster.com/careers/articles/4039-when-where-and-how-much-do-us-teachers-work

As my former roommate and my wife will vouch, I work more hours then they do as a teacher-and they have 9 to 5 jobs.
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Itaught30yrs
A proud American teacher for over 30 years.
08:19 PM on 08/17/2011
Dumbing down America....the goal of the far right. If people can't think for themselves it is much easier to snow them with slick "simple" lies.

Take away the best teachers and bashing educators...is their start. Soon minimum wages for all teachers!!! Go America!!!!
GHarry
Kitty wrangler
08:02 PM on 08/17/2011
Nice try, linking tenure to free speech, but it won't wash. I'm a lefty, but even I can't defend tenure. It's just a ridiculously outdated system. Why should university professors -- especially the many incompetent ones -- be coddled on the public dime when few other professions enjoy such protection? (Public employee unions come to mind, and their lavish salaries and pension benefits are indeed bankrupting many government entities. I hate to have to agree with conservatives on that issue, but the situation is obvious to all.) If professors are afraid of losing their ability to speak out on controversial issues, lobby for new laws and policies to protect their free speech rights. You don't need to preserve the tenure system just to do that.
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zSpin2001
All your base are belong to us.
09:08 PM on 08/17/2011
Have you considered that tenure protects freedom of intellectual property and comment from abusive controlling bureaucratic? I am an educator and researcher and tenure protects my ability to pursue creative enterprise without the pressure from those above. I know of few incompetent educators at universities and colleges. As a matter of fact, I suggest that incompetence is greater in sectors without tenure. S&P anybody? Tenure is in place for the educators for a specific reason that has nothing to do with being "dated".
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EthnicHeart
01:02 AM on 08/18/2011
Agreed. F&F
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billy goat
Sniffing Out Bad Cheese Everywhere!
02:01 AM on 08/18/2011
You couldn't be more correct. We have only to review our present situation to see that we are all suffering at the hands of unbridled free market capitalism, the antithesis of the tenure system. I'll take the inefficient tenure system any day. The successful demogoguery on this issue is nothing more than an attempt to distract the public from the great heist occuring right in front of us.
06:58 PM on 08/17/2011
I have never heard of a person critical of Tenure at the university level. At the K-12 level absolutely. You rightly say that tenure was designed to " protect faculty who speak out about potentially controversial subjects from retribution." That does not apply to K-12 teachers. Their job is to provide a basic education. They do not do research. Nor is it appropriate for them to vent their personal opinions in the classroom, whatever they may be. They give tenure a bad name, because to them tenure has become universal employment no matter what they do or how they perform. College level professors would do well for themselves by pointing that out. They should also look to the escalating costs for students to attend a college and university and question the growth of support staff. (staff now outnumber professors at virtually all college and universities). Bottom line is to protect your rights you should be sure no one is abusing them in your name.
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roaddawg31
09:09 PM on 08/17/2011
Absolutely right. I see it everyday in the job I'm in. School districts in my area have been hit especially hard, to the point where (in one particular district), anyone under ten years experience is liable to get cut. Anyone OVER ten years is essentially fine, and ensured of employment.

Well... let me tell you the difference in demeanor & general attitude between the have's (>10 years) and the havenot's (
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Storyhill
10:42 PM on 08/17/2011
Tell us about it. Curious.
06:08 PM on 08/17/2011
universities are already largely privatized there is therefore no reason to disenfranchise professors so they will seek private employment in charter schools. There is no reason to strip their benefits so the added control of classrooms provided by private options becomes more attractive than being a public teacher.

University tenure is safe, conservatives don't need to dislocate the public sector workforce to the private sector to achieve their objectives.

Their assault on public university higher education has been very succesful in reducing funding and making the costs of public universities much closer to private. Even less than private in many cases depending on low income students of high criteria.
05:49 PM on 08/17/2011
Great article. We need tenure, otherwise professors will be afraid to speak out against subjects like global warming lest they anger the corporations. One of the characteristics of corporate people is that they are always in fear of angering their boss in some way. We need to have an island in our society so that controversial issues can be discussed without fear of retribution. The Koch brother's dream is to eliminate these places so that only the corporate agenda can be expressed.
08:12 PM on 08/17/2011
Unfortunately... tenure only ensures the alignment to a close minded education, as related to traditional knowledge. A true open minded educator... is one who needs no tenure, but only the opportunity to teach beyond the limits of proofs and standardized reason. Someone who can push the gifted minded to the realms of new discovery... that which doesn't fold to the pressure of restriction or diversion of tradition teachings!