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Thomas M. Holbrook

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Debate Expectations

Posted: 10/02/2012 12:07 pm

With the first debate scheduled for just a few days from now, media attention has begun to focus on what to expect, or not expect, from this year's head-to-head match ups.  Fortunately, it seems that most commentators are on the same page: don't expect much to change because of the debates.  In the spirit of piling on the "debates don't matter much" argument, I'm reposting and updating some of the analysis I presented four years ago on this blog's predecessor.

So the basic idea is that if debates "matter," levels of candidate support should be appreciably different following the debate than they were prior to the debate, presumably shifting in favor of the candidate seen as having "won" the encounter.  This is fairly easy to measure, and I present data in the table below that gives us a sense the magnitude of debate bumps from the last several elections. Here, I compare the polling average from six days prior to the debate to the day of the debate with the average from the seven days following the debate, for all debates from 1988-2008.





These data suggest that the norm is for very little swing in candidate support following debates. Across all 16 presidential debates the average absolute change in candidate support was just less than 1 percentage point. There are a few notable exceptions, of course. Two that stand out are the second debate in 1992, following which George H.W. Bush lost 2 points, and first debate of 2004, after which George W. bush lost 2.26 points. Other debates with above average (but still small) vote shifts are the first debate in 1996, the second debates in 1988 and 2000, and the first debate of 2008. Each of these debates has its own story, and I'm sure we can all think of anecdotes to explain the bumps and wiggles.   Although the analysis is terribly outdated by now, my debate model from Do Campaigns Matter? came to the profound conclusion that the candidate viewed as having won the debate generally gets a small bump. I told you it was profound.

Focusing on single debate bumps may be obscuring a more general, cumulative effect of debates. The last column in the table shows the change in candidate support from one week prior to the first debate to one week after the final debate. Here we see that the debate period generated a 2.42 point bump for George H. W. Bush in 1988; cost Al Gore 3.52 points in 2000; cost George W. Bush almost 2 points in 2000; and John McCain lost almost two points in 2008. Of these debate period swings, the 2000 debates stand out as the most important, especially in the context of the closeness of the election. Part of the explanation for Gore's swoon during the debate period is perhaps related to his performance but another important factor was the media meme that emerged as a result of the debates, including open discussions of whether or not Al Gore was a "serial exaggerator" (see Jamieson and Waldman).  This brings up an important point: it is probably not a good idea to attribute all of the change in candidate support during the debate period to the debates, since there are many other important events, or perhaps even natural drifts in candidate support occurring during these several week periods.

So what does this mean for the three presidential debates this year? I suspect more of the same, which means that neither candidate will probably benefit much from them.  The key factor will be whether one of the candidates can make small gains from each debate that, together, add up to something like a two or three-point gain during the debate period.  I'm doubtful, but it could happen.

 
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With the first debate scheduled for just a few days from now, media attention has begun to focus on what to expect, or not expect, from this year's head-to-head match ups.  Fortunately, it seems ...
With the first debate scheduled for just a few days from now, media attention has begun to focus on what to expect, or not expect, from this year's head-to-head match ups.  Fortunately, it seems ...
 
 
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03:32 PM on 10/03/2012
Willard is KO'd in second round of questions
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cazsue
logic and compassion = liberal
10:14 AM on 10/03/2012
I hope Obama forces Mittens to acknowledge that he is not a Muslim, Kenyan or Socialist, that will be news to most of Mitt's misinformed base. Or else Mitt will be forced to LlE in the worst, lowest way. Either way, time to get this big LlE exposed.
11:48 PM on 10/02/2012
It'll be interesting to watch. Obama gives a good speech and is quick on his feet, he's likely the winner of any debate or speaking contest. The problem is that Obama doesn't actually DO anything, other than give speeches and make appearances - he doesn't assign people to tasks, establish deadlines, make input and judgements, get any task done, but he does give a good speech. That's what Romney needs to empasize, his executive ability, his ability to actually do something - other than give a speech. For alll you Dem doubters: who in the Obama White House was tasked with inputing/guiding the healthcare reform - no one; Who in the White House lead financial reform - no one; And remember Obama pounding the podium telling the "pass this jobs bill NOW"? Well the bill was finally delivered by the White House 2 weeks after the speech - but it was a great speech, wasn't it.
05:13 AM on 10/03/2012
clueless
01:57 PM on 10/04/2012
And I bet you enjoyed watching last nights debate, right? Unprepared, timid, and ineffectual, would that summarize his performance? Not unlike the preceeding 3 1/2 years.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Major lackland
11:40 PM on 10/02/2012
Wouldn't it be nice if they would offer an opportunity for a call-in period, whereby we could ask Barry anything we wanted to ask him?
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cazsue
logic and compassion = liberal
10:05 AM on 10/03/2012
We could ask Willard about his stances on the both side of every issue.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Major lackland
10:48 AM on 10/03/2012
Most of us have a VERY LONG list for Barry. They'd have to go into overtime. I'm ready.
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fcmean
I built my business.
11:17 PM on 10/02/2012
what should they talk about ? 45 million food stamp recipients? $6,000,000,000,000. in new obama debt? 42 months of 8%+ unemploynment? America's reduced credit rating? our dead ambassador? what?
09:59 PM on 10/02/2012
When Obama's lips move he's lying !! Except for:
Employment levels down to 5% !
National debt paid off by one half !
GM taxpayer debt paid back in full and the company is thriving !
Cash for clunkers program was a huge success and did not cost the tax payers 26 billion!
Solid investing in green companies, who are still in business and have paid back their loans!
Extending our hand to our enemies, the USA now enjoys worldwide respect !

Oops now I am lying !!! Clear now who to vote for??
10:58 PM on 10/03/2012
Cash for Clunkers = 3 Billion, so yes, you are lying.
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johnbates88
Liberty, Freedom, Conservative
09:55 PM on 10/02/2012
After all the racist comments made by Obama towards "white folks" and the video of his speech in Wright's church in 2007, I don't know how any one would support him at this point.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Nasreen Akbar
Business owner,multilingual well traveled .
09:17 PM on 10/02/2012
President Obama needs to repeat this line said by Lucy Parsons some seventy years ago.

"NEVER BE DECEIVED THAT THE RICH WILL PERMIT YOU TO VOTE AWAY THEIR WEALTH"

Those who vote for Romney remember his primary agenda is to protect his wealth and his friends wealth. His agenda is not to improve your life or make opportunities available to you. You are the 47% he does not care about.
10:16 PM on 10/02/2012
No way! All Obama's policies have failed...miserably. You know this....look at the statistics. All his poicies have taxes....you want taxes? Vote Obama...see what real taxes do to you
05:14 AM on 10/03/2012
clueless
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cazsue
logic and compassion = liberal
10:07 AM on 10/03/2012
The US was hemorrhaging 750,000 jobs a month under Bush and the markets collapsed.

Steady job growth and strong markets under Obama.

LOWEST taxes on the middle class!

Turn off Faux Noise, you got no facts.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jhjohan
11:03 PM on 10/02/2012
47% I do not care about ... I make less than 30k a year .. the ones he is talking about are the EBT people .. I suffered paying for my family .. hurts to know I'm supporting people who have a better way of life than I could afford for my kids ! Look at Obamas soup kitchen visit !! Notice all the people eating at the soup kitchen pulling out CELL PHONES to get pictures ? What the hell will it take for you to wake up ! We Pay - THEY PLAY ! NOT FAIR !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I struggle and they Live off ME ? I raised 3 boys , off of middle income wages , these people have things I wish I could afford , and THEY don't work ! They eat better than I could ever feed my own kids ? Drive cars I could Never afford . And I work and they don't ? TELL ME ! PLEASE ! HOW YOU JUSTIFY THIS !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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cazsue
logic and compassion = liberal
10:08 AM on 10/03/2012
You have no idea of how the poor live. Please go into a poor community and learn the truth.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Middle Class Majority
Watching America's Decline
08:50 PM on 10/02/2012
Romney should ask Obama what he meant by the hot mic comment," I will have more flexibility after my election!
http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?feature=player_embedded&v=-Czo5Vf8KZs
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Major lackland
11:42 PM on 10/02/2012
Or just an opportunity for a call-in period, whereby we could ask Barry anything we wanted to ask him?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Middle Class Majority
Watching America's Decline
08:41 PM on 10/02/2012
If Obama's domestic record is presented truthfully he will be down 20 points after the debate!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Major lackland
11:43 PM on 10/02/2012
This debate is a waste of time. He's done, regardless.
05:15 AM on 10/03/2012
clueless
11:43 PM on 10/02/2012
THE MAN IS NOT A MIRACLE WORKER , STOP THE FREAKING HATING WHAT'S YOUR SUGGESTION TO FIX THE PROBLEM??/ ELECT ANOTHER REPUBLICAN ? FOR WHAT ? THEY'RE THE ONES WHO SUNKED THIS COUNTRY TO WHERE IT IS NOW, OR DIDN'T YOU KNOW THAT ??
08:32 PM on 10/02/2012
Borowitz says that Romney's biggest problems will be talking and thinking.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Middle Class Majority
Watching America's Decline
08:42 PM on 10/02/2012
Same as you.
vandation
Slap Bet Commissioner
12:25 AM on 10/03/2012
Obama's biggest problem will be having a room big enough so that his growing nose doesn't slam into the back wall.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Animal53
08:12 PM on 10/02/2012
Why isnt Huffpost doing a story about the recent shootings of INS Agents in AZ? Oh of course, the weapons were found to have been tied to the fast and furious fiasco. Then there was Obamas comments about how much more secure our border is. Also according to recent reports, the suspects that shot the Agents might have been spotted after crossing back into Mexico. One Agent is dead and the other is wounded. It happened early this morning and close to the same spot where Agent Terry was murdered.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
cb523
11:15 PM on 10/02/2012
HuffPo did for a while but it is much too close to the election for Liberal HuffPo to bring up anything that could hurt the prez. Fanned & Faved.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
rasputinsstash
07:39 PM on 10/02/2012
This is about advertising. The media's making a big deal out of the debates so people will watch and those ad dollars will keep rolling in. I hope they have a drummer and do rim shots when either of these guys answer a question. "I'll lower taxes!" (Buh-do-dum, tishhhhhh).
07:23 PM on 10/02/2012
No doubt OBama will blame the GOP for not passing his jobs bill (a bill that received ZERO votes, none even from his own party!). OBama will blame the GOP for "doing nothing to create jobs" yet here's the list of proposals passed by the House, all BLOCKED even from Senate discussion by Harry Reid:

H. Res. 72 - Review of Federal Regulations Passed by the House (391-28) on February 11, 2011

H.R. 872 Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act

H.R. 910 Energy Tax Prevention Act

H.J. Res. 37 Disapproval of FCC's Net Neutrality Regulations

H.R. 2018 Clean Water Cooperative Federalism Act

H.R. 1315 Consumer Financial Protection & Soundness Improvement Act

H.R. 2587 Protecting Jobs from Government Interference Act

H.R. 2401 Transparency in Regulatory Analysis of Impacts on the Nation Act

H.R. 2681 Cement Sector Regulatory Relief Act

H.R. 2250 EPA Regulatory Relief Act

H.R. 2273 Coal Residuals Reuse and Management Act

H.R. 3094 Workforce Democracy and Fairness Act

H.R. 3010 Regulatory Accountability Act

H.R. 527 Regulatory Flexibility Improvements Act

H.R. 10 REINS Act

H.R. 1633 Farm Dust Regulation Prevention Act

H.R. 1837 Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley Water Reliabilty Act

H.R. 2087 Land in Accomack County, Virginia

H.R. 4078 Red Tape Reduction and Small Business Job Creation Act

H.R. 5544 Minnesota Education Investment and Employment Act

H.R. 9 Small Business Tax Cut Act
01:23 AM on 10/03/2012
Fanned & faved!
07:20 PM on 10/02/2012
Expect OBama to blame everyone else for his failures. Democrats love to blame Bush for the economic collapse despite the fact that the legislative branch was under DEMOCRATIC control since 2006. When the GOP took control of the House in 2011, now all the failures are on the legislative branch and NOT the guy at the top?

Democrats love to make the top issue about Romney's tax returns yet in 2004 taxes were never an issue when $400 Million John Kerry ran for President.....

America gets it democrats...... you are hypocrits....
05:16 AM on 10/03/2012
Obama is going to win so prattle on girls