iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Thomas P. Connelly, D.D.S.

GET UPDATES FROM Thomas P. Connelly, D.D.S.
 

Mouth Health: Fluoridated Water, Good or Bad?

Posted: 07/20/10 09:40 AM ET

Let's talk about water fluoridation this week. And, being that I'm a dentist, you'll probably be a little surprised by my stance on it. At least in terms of it being included in water.

As you likely know, fluoride is a chemical that is commonly found in most toothpaste brands. People use fluoridated toothpaste as a means to strengthen teeth (i.e. prevent cavities) and normally don't think much further about it. Which is fine -- that's pretty much how it's marketed.

Since the late 1990s, the United States Food and Drug Administration has made it mandatory for toothpastes to carry a warning in regards to fluoride usage. But why would the FDA post a warning on a toothpaste ingredient? Doing research on what fluoride is reveals that the chemical is now considered a potential toxic drug, and ingesting enough of the ingredient could be harmful.

Now, I don't want to scare you -- brushing your teeth with fluoride toothpaste isn't harmful. Nor is a dentist using a gel-type fluoride treatment when you get your checkup. Uses like that are topical usages -- you don't ingest it. And even if you do ingest some toothpaste (etc), the levels of fluoride aren't going to pose any threat. And it does prevent cavities.

But in terms of it being added to water, I'm not so sure that's a good thing. Adding fluoride has been a standard in many countries for years. However, several countries (mainly Europe) have taken an active stance on banning fluoride from their drinking water. And I'm with them -- I do not see the good in fluoridating our drinking water. I definitely see the reasoning why countries would add it -- it helps prevent cavities. But as a dentist, I think cavity prevention can be done just as effectively without putting fluoride in our water. To me, the "bad" it can (potentially) do outweighs the good.

So what is the bad?

Well, I'll be the first to tell you that research is not all-encompassing. Since fluoride does prevent cavities, it's a popular chemical. However, studies have been done that seem to equate fluoride with weakened bones, primarily the hips . There is also a known condition called fluorosis, which occurs when a child gets too much fluoride when teeth are developing. Well, if there is fluoride in the water, wouldn't you come to the conclusion that this could contribute to "too much fluoride?" I would. Even more disturbing, there was a study done in China on children with fluorosis, and the findings were that children with the affliction had, in overall terms, lower IQ scores. These findings were echoed in an American study that came to the same findings using animals: The study concluded that fluoride would accumulate in specific areas of the brain, which then affected the ability to learn. This does not constitute irrefutable proof, but it does make one think.

In addition, recently, the National Kidney Foundation (NFK) withdrew its long-held support for fluoridated water. Now, they didn't radically reverse their opinion, they just went from endorsing it to having no opinion at all. That's a little telling.

However, in all of this, I do need to point out that I am in the minority, and there are plenty of studies that refute what I am saying here. In other words, my "side" of this is far from proven. But, in my years of being a dentist, I've found enough to make me feel that fluoride in the water just isn't worth it. Even if some research is scoffed at, the question itself is enough to make me pause. Especially because I do feel we have enough education on oral health that everyone should be brushing their teeth. And trust me, if you are brushing like you should be (and your dentist is using a topical treatment every so often), then I feel you don't need fluoride in your water. I'm not a fan of inserting a chemical into our water that most of us simply don't need to help the few that won't help themselves.

Ok, you say, "how can I remove fluoride from my water? Fluoride can be removed from a person's drinking water through various filtration methods. Reverse osmosis, distillation and alumina defluoridation can help to remove unnecessary impurities. Methods such as boiling or freezing water do nothing but concentrate the fluoride source, and should be avoided.

While uncovering the truth behind fluoride's origins can be a frightening concept, there is some discussion in regards to removing its presence from our water supply (like I said earlier, most of Europe has already done so). If this interests you, I urge you to do some research, draw your own conclusions, and then write your congressperson.

Until next time, keep smiling.

 

Follow Thomas P. Connelly, D.D.S. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/dr_connelly

Let's talk about water fluoridation this week. And, being that I'm a dentist, you'll probably be a little surprised by my stance on it. At least in terms of it being included in water. As you likely ...
Let's talk about water fluoridation this week. And, being that I'm a dentist, you'll probably be a little surprised by my stance on it. At least in terms of it being included in water. As you likely ...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 216
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Bloggers
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2 3 4 5  Next ›  Last »  (7 total)
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
booki
07:45 PM on 07/23/2010
who drinks the water out of a tap?
what is filtered......does the fluoride stay in the water........
i always hope for the sake of my pets teeth.
all i know is that dental care should be ..........covered as health care.
and not a separate insurance,.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
StephenJK
All your consciousness are belong to us
08:40 AM on 07/23/2010
Looks like the anti-fluoride crowd is gaining adherents. This is good. Fluoride is a POISON. Why do they say right on the toothpaste "if swallowed contact a poison control center"? Not to mention, in tap water, there is a panoply of other goodies like pharmaceuticals, lead and a whole host of other "tolerable levels" of radioactive material and the like.
photo
SteveDenver
Progressive and liberal, just like Jesus Christ.
03:33 AM on 07/23/2010
Treating teeth directly with flouride is healthier for teeth and stomach. Toothpastes, rinses and dental trays can help strengthen teeth. Drinking gallons of water trying to get enough fluoride for teeth is like drinking lotion to get soft skin.
08:22 PM on 07/22/2010
Perhaps Dr. Connelly is bravely/gently suggesting we look more deeply into how the world has changed since the 1ppm dose was set half a century ago. Back when it was assumed children would receive no other source of fluoride than 1 liter of ingested water/day. Back before toxic fluoride/aluminum compounds were liberally sprayed on crops we eat, before fluoride-laced prescription medications, before processed foods, before we realize fluoride in water is absorbed and inhaled as we bathe/shower and well, who drinks only one liter of water-based liquid a day? Before we realized fluoride and other halides displace iodine in cells, particularly susceptible tissues that depend on iodine to protect them from cancers (like breast and prostate tissues). Further, the thyroid must be saturated with iodine to function properly. This endocrine gland needs iodine to make hormones that keep weight and body temperature normal and regulate energy. Fluoride, as with teeth, make bones more mineralized, but more brittle. And what is a diabetic with failing kidneys to do to reduce fluoride intake? All this is the tip of the iceberg. Dr. Paul Connett (fluoridealert.org), and Dr. Hardy Limback (NRC Report panel member mentioned below) are not ducks. There is much to consider. Fluoride is an idea whose time has passed. Fluoride opponents no longer need to dredge up old horror stories. There is enough current research to review without resorting to emotional arguments. Carol Vander Stoep/Author of the book "Mouth Matters"/RDH
04:17 PM on 07/22/2010
It has been known since before 1990 that the cavity reducing benefits for fluoride come from topical usages like toothpaste and fluoride treatments, not systemically by ingesting it. This is the official position of the American Dental Assoc. (ADA) and the Center for Disease Control (CDC), the biggest supporters of fluoridation. In 1990 the CDC release a statement announcing that water fluoridation was one of the top ten health breakthoughs for the 20th century. Interestingly, in the same article, they told us that the benefit is mostly topical. How's that for a contradiction? An important reference about the dangers of fluoride was published in 2006 by the National Research Council. One important finding was the danger of fluorisis to nursing infants when fluoridated water is mixed with formula. Again, the ADA and CDC have cautionary warnings on their websites about not using fluoridated water with formula. Unfortunately, very few water utilities provide warnings about this. Why is that? There are many indications that fluoride MAY be associated with other health problems like brain and thyroid function, bone cancer, hip fractures, etc. but proof of cause and affect is extremely difficult to determine and really doesn't exist. Some have said that without proof we shouldn't change anything. I believe just the opposite. The burden of proof should be proving fluoride does no harm. This is the "Precautionary Principle" commonly used for heath, safety and environmental issues. I don't think we would fluoridate our water if we had it to do over.
02:03 PM on 07/22/2010
Quack, quack! Really? All your "evidence" is anecdotal. "Seems to indicate...". Do they teach the scientific method in dental school? Ever do any real research that doesn't involve google?

Flouride is a mineral, and naturally occurs in many water supplies. Yes, it can be harmful...in LARGE amounts! The amount in drinking water is minute.

Too much water can be fatal. Please, stick to the primary literature and stop getting all your misinformation from the intertubes.
04:13 PM on 07/22/2010
There is clear evidence that small amounts of fluoride, at or near levels added to U.S. water supplies, present potential risks to the thyroid gland, according to the
National Research Council's (NRC) first-ever published review of the
fluoride/thyroid literature.

"Many Americans are exposed to fluoride in the ranges associated with
thyroid effects, especially for people with iodine deficiency," says
Kathleen Thiessen, PhD, co-author of the government-sponsored NRC
report. "The recent decline in iodine intake in the U.S could
contribute to increased toxicity of fluoride for some individuals,"
says Thiessen.

Robert Carton, PhD, an environmental scientist who worked for over 30
years for the U.S. government including managing risk assessments on
high priority toxic chemicals, says "fluoride has detrimental effects
on the thyroid gland of healthy males at 3.5 mg a day. With iodine
deficiency, the effect level drops to 0.7 milligrams/day for an
average male." (1.0 mg/L fluoride is in most water supplies)

Reference: "Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA's
Standards," Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water, Board on
Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Earth and Life
Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies of
Science. March 2006 Chapter 8
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11571
12:38 PM on 07/22/2010
Pure water. What a treat! Water Ionization is a process which ordinary tap water is passed through electrically charged plates. This process removes the acid content from the water along with removing the ton of impurities like fluoride and breaks down the water molecules at a cellular level and thus in turn cleanses our bodies. The Japanese have used ionized water in hospitals for years to clean wounds.
www.vitaminsforlife.co.uk/Water_Ionisers
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mtwa
11:54 AM on 07/22/2010
Why is nobody talking about the far more dangerous problem of bathing in it? Our skin is our biggest organ and when we step into our baths and showers, all that nice warm water opens the pores on our skin and fluoride and all other chemicals in the water enter our blood stream via our skin. It's a serious problem people. And it's an accumulation of these poisons in our bodies that is most worrisome.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
StephenJK
All your consciousness are belong to us
08:28 AM on 07/23/2010
I shower once a week now and have been for about a year. I haven't drank tap water in years. After hearing that pharmaceutical residues were found in many tap water systems that was it for me and tap water. I haven't been sick in years, either.
07:12 PM on 07/21/2010
The author didn't make a reasoned connection between regulated municipal water fluoridation and fluorosis. The concentrations of fluoride in the things he tells us *not* to worry about, toothpaste and other applied dental fluoride treatments, are *thousands* of times greater than that in water. Yet he claims we don't ingest it. Wrong. Just because you spit something out or are supposed to, doesn't mean you don't ingest it. And kids, the target audience of systemic fluoride, have the least muscular and mental discipline to avoid ingesting it. Furthermore, the fluorosis cases in China he cites are more likely related to high natural fluoride, arsenic, and lead levels in unregulated municipal well water, perhaps combined with chronic ingestion of high fluoride products, rather than from regulated fluoride in a water system.

My mother drank fluoridated water, and I drank fluoridated tap water from birth, and it's what I drank almost exclusively and copiously. No cavities, but also no fluorosis. And I mostly avoided dentists growing up, so I never received concentrated fluoride treatments. The reason people get fluorosis is either from eating toothpaste as a kid (companies flavor it and make it mouth-watering), combined with the bill-padding topical fluoride treatments dentists sell which kids then accidentally ingest or absorb sublingually.

If there is too much fluoride in our diet, then tap water would be the last thing to cut, not the first as Dr. Connelly is suggesting.
07:26 PM on 07/21/2010
According to the Wiki, "the U.S. specifies the optimal level of [water system] fluoride to range from 0.7 to 1.2 mg/L" which equates to ppm. Compare that with a typical toothpaste at 1450 ppm or a prescription strength fluoride, probably similar to what you might buy from the dentist, at 4950 ppm. Even if you were able to spit out 99% of it you'd still end up with a residue whose fluoride concentration was much greater than fluoridated water. A kid would have to drink a gallon or two of tap water, for example, to get the same "trace" amount of fluoride absorbed or accidentally ingested from a fluoride treatment at a dental office.

The Wiki also cites: "The U.S. Centers for Disease Control listed water fluoridation as one of the ten great public health achievements of the 20th century"

But it really doesn't surprise me a dentist might come out against fluoridated water since it is better for their bottom line, first by making them more exclusive retail agents for it, and second by making the general population a little more susceptive to cavities which also pumps up their revenue with fillings.
07:22 AM on 07/22/2010
zjin Actually Dr Connelly is a rare brave dentist. Organized dentistry is behind virtually every fluoridation mandate in the US. They claim that fluoridation helps low-income people who can't afford toothpaste. But 80% of dentists won't accept Medicaid patients because the government doesn't give them enough money to do so. Fluoridation gives the illusion that organized dentistry cares about the poor people they won't allow in their dental chairs.

So the American Dental Association would rather than you and I contribute to the millions of dollars it costs to fluoridate the water than to short-change themselves by giving care to Medicaid patients. The GAO estimates that 6.2 million children on Medicaid are suffering with untreated tooth decay. Two children that we know about died in recent years from the consequences of untreated tooth decay - one lived in a fluoridated area. What good did that do?

No one is fluoride deficient. But too many Americans are dentist-deficient.

And the CDC does not study fluoridation. It's the CDC's job to promote fluoridation and tell you it's safe. They aren't charged with studying it. In fact, no government agency is responsible for fluoridation. All roads lead back to the American Dental Association - a union that represents the best interests of dentists.
07:15 AM on 07/22/2010
Many studies link fluorosis to water fluoridation. In fact, it was a given that when fluoridation began in the 1940's that ten percent of the children would have fluorosis. That was before fluoridated dental products were created and before the food supply became fluoride-saturated from the use of fluoridated water. So it's no surprise that the CDC reports that up to 48% of school children sport dental fluorosis (discolored teeth) from tooth much fluoride - 4% of it severe.

But the definitive study by the federal government shows no benefit to fluoridation and that fluorosis rates go up along with fluoride levels in the water

New York State Department of Health dentist J. V. Kumar published national statistics in the July 2009 JADA which show similar cavity rates regardless of water fluoride content, However, dental fluorosis rates increased along with water fluoride levels. See analysis “Fluoridation No Benefit; Definite Harm,” by Kathleen M. Thiessen, Ph.D., SENES Oak Ridge, Inc., Center for Risk Analysis here:

http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/Clinch_2009_No_Benefit_Definite_Harm.pdf
photo
Marcus01
It all just seems like it's real
05:46 PM on 07/21/2010
Wow. It's been well-known for years, but this is the first time I've seen a dentist state that fluoride is bad for you. Congratulations, doc.

It's no conspiracy theory that fluoride is toxic waste and poison. I've seen a brilliant government scientist state that the only reason he can see to use fluorides and chlorides (which have been linked to arterial plaque) in a public water supply would be to deliberately shorten people's life spans. He then mentioned Social Security payouts, lol.

Beware.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ddanimal
03:45 PM on 07/21/2010
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1995 Mar-Apr;17(2):169-77.
Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats.

Mullenix PJ

Toxicology Department, Forsyth Research Institute

Abstract

Fluoride (F) is known to affect mineralizing tissues, but effects upon the developing brain have not been previously considered. This study in Sprague-Dawley rats compares behavior, body weight, plasma and brain F levels after sodium fluoride (NaF) exposures during late gestation, at weaning or in adults. For prenatal exposures, dams received injections (SC) of 0.13 mg/kg NaF or saline on gestational days 14-18 or 17-19. Weanlings received drinking water containing 0, 75, 100, or 125 ppm F for 6 or 20 weeks, and 3 month-old adults received water containing 100 ppm F for 6 weeks. Behavior was tested in a computer pattern recognition system that classified acts in a novel environment and quantified act initiations, total times and time structures. Fluoride exposures caused sex- and dose-specific behavioral deficits with a common pattern. Males were most sensitive to prenatal day 17-19 exposure, whereas females were more sensitive to weanling and adult exposures. After fluoride ingestion, the severity of the effect on behavior increased directly with plasma F levels and F concentrations in specific brain regions. Such association is important considering that plasma levels in this rat model (0.059 to 0.640 ppm F) are similar to those reported in humans exposed to high levels of fluoride.
03:42 PM on 07/21/2010
Another scare article aimed at the conspiracy theory crowd. Fluorosis studies looked at children that were drinking extremely high doses due to groundwater with high fluoride levels. For fluoride to work properly, it must be present when the tooth is forming in your gums. It works by replacing a chloride atom in the atomic structure of your tooth, which is stronger against decay. There is skepticism in the professional ranks that topical fluoride treatment has any effect! For fluoride to work, you must have fluoride in your body, not just in your mouth. Fluoride recommendations for drinking water is around 1.0 part per million. Even at 20 ppm, there is no evidence of fluorosis in bone structure. Dr. Connelly is refuting more that 50 years of legitimate research published in peer reviewed journals with a gut reaction. If he sounds like a duck....
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ddanimal
05:03 PM on 07/21/2010
LOL. You have no idea what you are talking about.

Ingested fluoride doesnt work. Non-fluoridated areas the same cavity rates as fluoridated areas.

See the reference below on the effect fluoride has on IQ, for starters. The adverse effects on IQ are observed at levels far below 20 ppm.
10:21 PM on 07/21/2010
As I said, 50 years of peer reviewed research thrown away. Your references is of three Indian research papers that were published, hum, in India. I don't see that they were peer-reviewed. If they were significant, they would have submitted them for review elsewhere. There's no evidence that the other studies in your link had any peer review. Perhaps you don't understand the concept. My wife, IQ of 170, raised on fluoridated water in PA. I guess she would have jumped up past 200 if she had non-fluoridated water. But then, she would not have the cavity free mouth that she does today. You're probably still smarting on those futures you bought when cold-fusion was announced.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
vippy
Carpe Diem!
07:45 AM on 07/22/2010
Fluoride is banned in some countries! Of course, they don't have lobbyists either.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ddanimal
03:40 PM on 07/21/2010
The government is putting a chemical in the water supply that makes people stupid. See below.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ddanimal
03:39 PM on 07/21/2010
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008
Fluoride and children's intelligence: a meta-analysis.

Tang

This paper presents a systematic review of the literature concerning fluoride that was carried out to investigate whether fluoride exposure increases the risk of low intelligence quotient (IQ) in China over the past 20 years. MEDLINE, SCI, and CNKI search were organized for all documents published, in English and Chinese, between 1988 and 2008 using the following keywords: fluorosis, fluoride, intelligence, and IQ. Further search was undertaken in the website www.fluorideresearch.org because this is a professional website concerning research on fluoride. Sixteen case-control studies that assessed the development of low IQ in children who had been exposed to fluoride earlier in their life were included in this review. A qualitative review of the studies found a consistent and strong association between the exposure to fluoride and low IQ. The meta-analyses of the case-control studies estimated that the odds ratio of IQ in endemic fluoride areas compared with nonfluoride areas or slight fluoride areas. The summarized weighted mean difference is -4.97 (95%confidence interval [CI] = -5.58 to -4.36; p < 0.01) using a fixed-effect model and -5.03 (95%CI = -6.51 to 3.55; p < 0.01) using a random-effect model, which means that children who live in a fluorosis area have five times higher odds of developing low IQ than those who live in a nonfluorosis area or a slight fluorosis area.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ddanimal
03:15 PM on 07/21/2010
If the government was really concerned about peoples health, they would be putting actually beneficial nutrients in the water-things like MAGNESIUM.

Magnesium is the most common mineral deficiency, and it casues cardiovascular disease, brain problems and kidney problems. Yet about 80% of the US public does not even obtain the inadequate RDA. And the FDA is stonewalling efforts to require bottled water manufacturers to provide a mere 25mg per liter of bottled water.

Water used to be the primary source of magnesium for people, before the days of water softeners and a nonsensical bias against mineral water.

If magnesium instead of fluoride was added to the water, there would be a noticable improvement in public health.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
vippy
Carpe Diem!
07:48 AM on 07/22/2010
Right on! Plus with all the sodas people drink it washes out this valuable mineral. No wonder we have such an increase in heart related illnesses. But Big Pharma loves it!