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Tony Schwartz

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Why Sleep Is More Important Than Food

Posted: 03/07/11 12:43 PM ET

Let's cut to the chase.

Say you decide to go on a fast, and so you effectively starve yourself for a week. At the end of seven days, how would you be feeling? You'd probably be hungry, perhaps a little weak, and almost certainly somewhat thinner. But basically you'd be fine.

Now let's say you deprive yourself of sleep for a week. Not so good. After several days, you'd be almost completely unable to function. That's why Amnesty International lists sleep deprivation as a form of torture.

Here's what former Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin had to say in his memoir, "White Nights," about the experience of being deprived of sleep in a K.G.B. prison:

In the head of the interrogated prisoner a haze begins to form. His spirit is wearied to death, his legs are unsteady, and he has one sole desire: to sleep ... Anyone who has experienced this desire knows that not even hunger and thirst are comparable with it.

So why is sleep one of the first things we're willing to sacrifice as the demands in our lives keep rising? We continue to live by a remarkably durable myth: Sleeping one hour less will give us one more hour of productivity. In reality, the research suggests that even small amounts of sleep deprivation take a significant toll on our health, our mood, our cognitive capacity and our productivity.

Many of the effects we suffer are invisible. Insufficient sleep, for example, deeply impairs our ability to consolidate and stabilize learning that occurs during the waking day. In other words, it wreaks havoc on our memory.

So how much sleep do you need? When researchers put test subjects in environments without clocks or windows and ask them to sleep any time they feel tired, 95 percent sleep between seven and eight hours out of every 24. Another 2.5 percent sleep more than eight hours. That means just 2.5 percent of us require less than seven hours of night a sleep to feel fully rested. That's one out of every 40 people.

When I ask people in my talks how many had fewer than seven hours of sleep several nights during the past week, the vast majority raise their hands. That's true whether it's an audience of corporate executives, teachers, cops or government workers. We've literally lost touch with what it feels like to be fully awake.

Great performers are an exception. Typically, they sleep significantly more than the rest of us. In Anders Ericcson's famous study of violinists, the top performers slept an average of 8.5 hours out of every 24, including a 20 to 30 minute midafternoon nap -- some two hours a day more than the average American.

The top violinists also reported that except for practice itself, sleep was the second most important factor in improving as violinists.

As I began to gather research about sleep, I felt increasingly compelled to give it higher priority in my own life. Today, I go to great lengths to assure that I get at least eight hours every night, and ideally between 8.5 and nine, even when I'm traveling.

I still take the overnight "red-eye" from California to New York, but I'm asleep by takeoff -- even if it takes an Ambien. When I get home at 6 or 7 a.m., I go right to bed until I've had my eight hours. What I've learned about those days is that I'd rather work at 100 percent for five or six hours than at 60 percent for eight or nine hours.

With sufficient sleep, I feel better, I work with more focus and I manage my emotions better, which is good for everyone around me. I dislike having even a single day where I haven't gotten enough sleep, because the impact is immediate and unavoidable. On the rare days that I don't get enough, I try hard to get at least a 20 to 30 minute nap in the afternoon. That's a big help.

Here are three tips to improve the quantity and quality of your sleep:

  1. Go to bed earlier, and at a set time. Sounds obvious right? The problem is there's no alternative. You're already waking up at the latest possible time you think is acceptable. If you don't ritualize a specific bedtime, you'll end up finding ways to stay up later, just the way you do now.
  2. Start winding down at least 45 minutes before you turn out the light. You won't fall asleep if you're all wound up from answering e-mail, or doing other work. Create a ritual around drinking a cup of herbal tea, or listening to music that helps you relax, or reading a dull book.
  3. Write down what's on your mind -- especially unfinished to-dos and unresolved issues -- just before you go to bed. If you leave items in your working memory, they'll make it harder to fall asleep, and you'll end up ruminating about them if you should wake up during the night.

For more tips on sleep and other forms of renewal visit our web site.

 

Follow Tony Schwartz on Twitter: www.twitter.com/TonySchwartz

Let's cut to the chase. Say you decide to go on a fast, and so you effectively starve yourself for a week. At the end of seven days, how would you be feeling? You'd probably be hungry, perhaps a litt...
Let's cut to the chase. Say you decide to go on a fast, and so you effectively starve yourself for a week. At the end of seven days, how would you be feeling? You'd probably be hungry, perhaps a litt...
 
 
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Daria Boissonnas
Healing happens
01:08 PM on 03/16/2011
You can do breathing exercises, yoga exercises, healing, and more to help you sleep increasingly effectively and efficiently. Then you can get the most out of what sleep you do get.
02:01 PM on 03/14/2011
My friend thinks the body gets used to very little sleep over time, I keep telling her no, the body just gets used to feeling like crap....
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realrand
Liberally Speaking...
01:38 PM on 03/13/2011
Tony Schwartz is writing about people who don't have sleep disorders. However, I do. It's called Restless Leg Syndrome. This diagnosis didn't come easily. Through my health insurance, I went to a doctor that was trained in this field. My diagnosis was found through a sleep study. I also have a mild sleep apnea, which I solved by sleeping on my side. To get me enough rem sleep, I was prescribed generic klonopin with a dose of .05. There is also a natural pill I take often called melatonin, with theamine. What's good about this is there are no effects of the pill when I wake up.

Before the sleep study, I was lucky to get 1-2 nights with a full night sleep. More often I would get out of bed and watch tv 15-20 minutes sometime several times a night.

Another way to know that you have this syndrome, if you accidentally kick your sleep partner during your sleep once in awhile.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
kendraro
deadhead echelon peacenik mom to Marley the awesom
03:35 PM on 03/13/2011
my husband has this, I get kicked & whacked throughout the night - he seems to sleep fine, I am exhausted!
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farmerlady
Blonde, Democratic socialist, and unwilling expat
01:19 PM on 03/13/2011
I'm one of those unfortunate people who need the full nine hours just not to feel like **it the next day. Most people I know who really get ahead seem to thrive on about six hours of sleep (Napoleon, famously, could be entirely alert and refreshed after two to four hours). I just can't do it.
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JoeyDee2
I know what just passed here
12:48 PM on 03/13/2011
On the rare occasion I get a solid 7-8 hours, I am so unaccustomed to it that I feel drugged upon awakening.

Several years ago when my insomnia was somewhat worse, I went to a free seminar and a medical doctor delivered this pronouncement (word for word): "If you are thinking of problems which are preventing you from sleeping, then you must not think of those problems."
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opines
10:41 AM on 03/13/2011
I'm going back to sleep. But first I'll read a dull book for 45 minutes.
10:36 AM on 03/13/2011
True
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James Shellhammer
05:32 PM on 03/10/2011
Good article on sleep!
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lakefront liberal
08:56 PM on 03/09/2011
I TOTALLY agree with this. I had not had a cold in months and was generally getting the proper amount of sleep. I went on a diet and still remained illness free. I had a deadline at work and began getting 5-6 hours of sleep instead of my usual 7-8. Within the first week and a half of this, I caught a cold.

As Americans, we often even place more value on staying late and "burning the midnight oil," however inefficient this may be, than our own health. We as a society need to value sleep more.
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DARK STAR
One small step for Man...
05:23 PM on 03/09/2011
Food, sure, try going three days without water...
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05:19 PM on 03/09/2011
the greatest HGH release occurs during sleep. HGH doesn't just make muscles bigger. it repairs everything. it promotes collagen production. it does tons of good stuff for the body and mind. sleep is where body and mind meet.
04:12 PM on 03/09/2011
I need 10 hours. everyone thinks it's too much but to function normally i need 10 hours. I have a 2 year old so yeah... i'm in he11.
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02:41 PM on 03/09/2011
Like Michael Moore said in his speech yesterday--They want to return us to how it was for our great-grandparents!

14 hour workdays, 6 day weeks, child labor, no vacations, no health coverage, no job security, NO POWER. That is what globalism and free trade really mean. A RUSH TO THE BOTTOM.
03:44 AM on 03/10/2011
What on earth are you talking about? I agree that the great corporatocracy wants us to all be serfs to their kingdom, but what does getting enough sleep have to do with this?
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12:09 PM on 03/11/2011
LOL--really. Just saw this, and yes, I posted on the wrong board. But let me think of how to justify this error.

Ok. Got it.

If you're working 14 hour days, you obviously have less time to Sleep!

Ha, I knew I could do it. ;-)
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12:28 PM on 03/09/2011
I am probably the best sleeper I know. Sleeping is very high on my list of favorite things to do. I can fall asleep most anywhere, and wish I could take a nap every afternoon. But, I have a day job that would frown upon my napping. lol I think morning people are usually the ones with sleep issues. Why on earth would you be so happy to get up early if you were sleeping well? :)
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whyus
San Francisco native
01:52 AM on 03/09/2011
My 91 year old Mother gets lots of sleep, hardly eats, smokes, and goes bowling. She's doing fine.
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02:47 PM on 03/09/2011
And it's because she belongs to a Union!

If we allow Obama to compromise away the power of the Labor Relations Board, it will be the same as when we let Clinton marginalize Brooksley Born after she warned him about the destructive power of derivatives and he gutted her department too.

Bush rode those derivatives to the Great Recession. Losing our Workers Rights and regulation of Industry will be the final nail in the coffin of the Middle Class in this CLASS WAR.
04:07 PM on 03/09/2011
If i hit my 90's i'm gonna happily smoke the rest of my days away.