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Warren Throckmorton, Ph.D.

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Dominionism? What Dominionism?

Posted: 09/14/11 06:16 PM ET

Some in the Christian right have a memory problem. If I was diagnosing it, I would call it amnesia or maybe denial. They have forgotten who they are and whence they came.

Christian reconstructionist Gary North has no such amnesia. He has been a fellow traveler with the Christian Right since the early days. In 2007, North wrote:

As a swing vote, the Christian Right can sometimes affect the outcome of the well-orchestrated, thoroughly entertaining Punch and Judy show that Americans call national politics. Prior to 1976, when Jimmy Carter openly campaigned as a Christian -- the first Presidential candidate to do so since William Jennings Bryan -- the Christian Right did not exist. I say this as a minor player in the construction of the Christian Right.

I was able to wheedle my way into the speaker's line-up at the three-day public meeting at which the Christian Right came into existence, the National Affairs Briefing Conference, held in Dallas in late summer, 1980. The Establishment did not note its existence, and its historians still don't, but that was where Ronald Reagan told 13,000 new converts to politics, "You can't endorse me, but I endorse you." Those words served as a kind of political baptismal formula -- infant baptism, I might add: babes in the woods.

Those current Christian right pundits who say that dominionism -- various forms of the belief that Christianity and biblical law should form the basis for civil laws which apply to everyone -- doesn't exist are either unaware of their heritage or have selective memory. Reconstructionists (they believe Old Testament law should be the law of the land for all) have been on board in various ways all along, especially as a part of the move toward Christian schools and home schooling.

North notes that the father of Christian reconstructionism, Rousas J. Rushdoony, was also vital as a foundational figure in the Christian education movement, writing in 1982, he said,

R. J. Rushdoony has gained his reputation among the fundamentalist world primarily because of his commitment to Christian education. He is chosen by defense attorneys again and again to testify in the courts around the nation. He has developed a philosophy of Christian education which is not neutralist. He sees education as the imparting of a comprehensive world-and-life view to the children of deeply religious parents. Whenever a church compromises this perspective-whenever the pastor says that Christian education is one option among many -- it has, in principle, lost its case. But when parents and pastors stand firm, and declare that they are conscience bound to put their children in a private Christian school, the courts frequently decide in favor of the parents. Parents, in short, are not neutral. (p. 22, emphasis North's)

Given the growth and prevalence of Christian and home schooling, it is hard for me to understand the amnesia of evangelical leaders for dominionism in the movement. There is currently one reconstructionist group, Exodus Mandate, who believes all Christians should home school their children or send them to a Christian school. They have had success in getting the Southern Baptists to consider providing an exit strategy from the public schools.

Maybe one reason non-reconstructionists miss the dominionism in their midst is that the Christian reconstructionists have not ever been happy or total team players. They view the mainstream as inconsistent and in North's words, intellectually schizophrenic.

Whereas many evangelicals believe they are simply loving their children and exercising their religious and parental rights by home schooling or sending their kids to a Christian school, the Christian Reconstructionists seek something more. North, in characteristic fashion, is upfront about it:

So let us be blunt about it: we must use the doctrine of religious liberty to gain independence for Christian schools until we train up a generation of people who know that there is no religious neutrality, no neutral law, no neutral education, and no neutral civil government. Then they will get busy in constructing a Bible-based social, political, and religious order which finally denies the religious liberty of the enemies of God. Murder, abortion, and pornography will be illegal. God's law will be enforced. It will take time. (p. 25)

Reading North's manifesto, some outside the evangelical world might suspect that there is some Christian reconstructionist command center somewhere on alert. In that place, dominionists are primed, waiting until the time is right, to give the signal to all the home and Christian schooled people, now in sleeper cells, to "get busy in constructing a Bible-based social, political, and religious order which finally denies the religious liberty of the enemies of God." All you enemies, you know who you are.

Reconstructionists reading this might sigh and say, "if only."

Most evangelicals think that the construction of a Bible-based society sounds good but get squeamish about the rest of the mandate -- denying "the religious liberty of the enemies of God." For the most part, evangelicals feel on the defensive, just wanting to protect religious liberty rights they feel (sometime correctly, sometimes not) are under attack. However, at that point, reconstructionists, like North, accuse the queasy evangelicals of schizophrenia. According to the reconstructionists, you can't bring American "back to God" if you exclude the aforementioned "enemies of God" from the reach of God's law. They must also be subject to Old Testament teaching, which includes, among other things, the death penalty for acts of blasphemy, Sabbath breaking, homosexuality, etc. Although America all the way back to God is the end game, short term "tactics" involving the Christian right are needed to get there. Using Christian education as an illustration, North wrote in 1982,

As a tactic for a short-run defense of the independent Christian school movement, the appeal to religious liberty is legitimate. Everyone who is attempting to impose a world-and-life view on a majority (or on a ruling minority) always uses some version of the liberty doctrine to buy himself and his movement some time, some organizational freedom, and some power. Still, nobody really believes in the whole idea. Politics always involves establishing one view of the "holy commonwealth," and excluding all other rival views. The Communist Party uses the right of free association to get an opportunity to create a society in which all such rights are illegal. The major churches of any society are all maneuvering for power, so that their idea of lawful legislation will become predominant. They are all perfectly willing to use the ideal of religious liberty as a device to gain power, until the day comes that abortion is legalized (denying the right of life to infants) or prohibited (denying the "right of control over her own body," after conception, to each woman). Everyone talks about religious liberty, but no one believes it.

The defense of Christian education today is therefore schizophrenic. The defenders argue that there is no neutral education, yet they use the modern doctrine of religious liberty to defend themselves -- a doctrine which relies on the myth of neutrality in order to sustain itself. As a tactic, it is legitimate; we are jockeying for power. We are buying time. But anyone who really believes in the modern doctrine of religious liberty has no option but to believe in some variant of the myth of neutrality. Those who have abandoned the latter view should also abandon the former. (p. 24-25, emphasis North's)

No wonder people outside of evangelicalism are nervous about the concept of dominionism. I am an evangelical and I am nervous about it. Not all evangelicals are dominionists who want to remove religious liberty, but one does not have to go too deeply into the evangelical waters to find some who do. Bryan Fischer of the mainstream evangelical group American Family Association clearly believes the Constitutional protections of religious liberty were written for Christians only. Just because Fischer doesn't work for the American Dominionist Association doesn't mean he isn't advocating dominionist beliefs. He who has eyes to see, let him see.

Observers in and outside of evangelical circles who are raising concerns about a resurgent dominion mandate within the ranks are right to do so. Evangelicals who make light of the concerns are either engaged in damage control or suffering from amnesia. Presidential candidates who wrap themselves in dominionists (e.g., Rick Perry's The Response prayer meeting) but claim not to be themselves should expect questions about what their religious beliefs mean for public policy. And since Christians have amnesia or are in denial about it, expect the questioning from mainstream media to get more focused. I will be listening.

 

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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
rtgmath
There has got to be a better way!
12:15 AM on 09/16/2011
Dominionism is the hope of every fundamentalist, indeed, of nearly every evangelical. Christ as King, reigning over the earth, ruling with a rod of iron, destroying all who will not bow the knee.

It is, of course, about perception. They want a religious world where they have been promised power, a world they can control, can understand, without mystery, and in which they *matter*.

This, of course, influences their politics. They gravitate away from leaders promising more power to the people. Give rights to those whom they disagree with? Horrible! Ungodly! If *they* were in control, the WRATH OF GOD would smite those sinners! Ahhh, this person holds grudges and wants to use military force, like God sweeping over the land to impose His Righteous Will.

Since they have committed their Allegience to Christ's Kingship, they have no difficulty seeing the Constitution as imperfect, needing changes. Limiting government's interference with them or their ability to impose their will on others is good. Where government lacks their moral vision, they must increase government power to clamp down on ungodly sinners! Make sinners suffer! Take away social safety nets which thwart God's will! Losing a job, having an illness, even having a baby can all be means of God's judgment. Unemployment insurance, medical care, and birth control limit suffering, making it easier not to repent.

Those who pursue Dominionist politics have a following ready and willing to strip the rights of others as they pursue their "rightful" place of power.
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aspiechristian
zenscopalian
06:49 PM on 09/15/2011
I keep reading that the threat of Dominionism is nothing to be taken seriously. Even Gary North's theological arch-rival, Lee Irons. believes that though heretical, Dominionism isn't as dangerous as many people think. Still, I agree with Dr. Throckmorton. Reconstructionism, has been growing for decades. Many political Christians believe in the tenets of this heterodoxy. They just don't know it by name.

As a Christian, I find the idea of a theonomic revolt against secular law reprehensible, and does not reflect a Christian view of remaining detached from the world system, of mercy, forgiveness, and tolerance toward all - especially those outside the Faith. These are the people we need to reach, not judge.
08:01 AM on 09/15/2011
Here is the religious fundamentalist threat to America. It is here, not in Afghanistan or Iraq or Iran. After all, 'twas an evangelical by the name of George W. Bush who initiated the crusade which has ruined our country.
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
12:44 AM on 09/15/2011
The Evangelical movement enables, supports, and encourages the mindset and totalitarianism that leads to dominionism. ALL patriarchal mindsets tend toward "my way or the highway" absolutism, and religions that do not specifically try to avoid these pitfalls will encourage them.
The only defense against this sin is the virtue of humility--and no, I am not perfect, and yes, I realize that merely saying I strive for such humility sounds like vanity--but it does not change the reality. Pride, that is the excessive "I am right and anyone who disagrees with me about anything at all is stupid, worthless, and immoral" variety of pride, is a very human failing. Jesus warned us of it, and it is a warning we should heed. (I will now go and flagellate myself, OK?)
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Warren Harrison
Defending All The Good America Stands For
11:45 PM on 09/14/2011
Excellent article. There is a warning in the scriptures written by Paul about the "mystery of iniquity" and "a Strong delusion" in the last days. The essence of this iniquity and delusion is the changing of the Gospel of Christ from the Cross to the only particulars of social and political theology. This was the last temptation of Our Good Lord in the wilderness. Satan said to Our Lord: " see all these kingdoms? There mine.
You want to be a leader, I can give you social and political power, just bow down to me and I will give them to you". Satan offered Our Lord the chance to be a totalitarian leader. Have a democratic dictatorial government. In short he offered Him dominionism. This is the essence of the demonic and this is the spirit of Anti-Christ in the future. Religious Political Power over nations bowing down to one religious power with only one religious rule and law. The religious right is slowly becoming the catapult of a Anti-Christ, Anti-Cross agenda opposing the separation of church and state and the rights of all men to choose what path to take in life.
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gmikejake
resist evil
06:04 AM on 09/15/2011
Thoughtful. Thank you. I know it is trite but it bears repeating as something to think about .... if there is an anti-christ, and a devil with the qualities often described, that sly devil will likely have the anti-christ wrapped in a flag and carrying a cross. And, probably speaking for a god as a "chosen one." "Doing the lord's work."
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crowepps
10:12 PM on 09/14/2011
I'd note, the people with these ideas are the ones pressuring our State Department to browbeat China into letting them spread their faith, while China treats them as conspirators intent on overthrowing the Chinese system of government.

It's a little hard to argue to the Chinese government that they are not, since their public pronouncements make it clear they are also planning to overthrow the American system of government.
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gmikejake
resist evil
05:58 PM on 09/14/2011
Thanks Dr. Throckmorton for your contributions on this subject. Yes, "dominionism" exists and did way before Rushdoony was credited with the creation of reconstructionism in 1982. I attended some services and bible studies with relatives in the South, in the middle '60s, who were very clearly dominionists. They and their friends were quite wealthy, very politically active locally, and together they helped create several churches and one university. They were extremely clear in their "call" from their "lord." They were extremely definite about the nature of their "enemies," the power of the devil, and were quite active in their struggle against evil. It was at that time, still then a christian, that I discovered that evil had many, many faces.
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
08:51 PM on 09/14/2011
Dear gmikejake:

Your post is enlightening. Did these folks ever describe their call from their Lord? Was it a voice, a feeling, or something else? I have always assumed that an audible call from the Lord is an indication of confusion on someone's part.
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gmikejake
resist evil
05:39 AM on 09/15/2011
Very rarely described their "call" but often referred to it. One of the dynamics that regularly set me on edge was the authoritarian nature of their interactions. Certain leaders regularly made the interpretations, the "rules," and they were clearly not to be questioned. Apparently "the lord" spoke through them. The "heretic" in me noticed that these were commonly the bible study leaders, the "pastors" although their educational preparation for their leadership roles was never mentioned, the most wealthy typically, and the most active in the community in their pursuit of building a theocratic infrastructure through schools, churches, etc. They were also seriously "anti-intellectual" often asserting that the bible is all you need to know. Everything must be bible based, including schools, daily life, relationships, etc. .... you know, theocracy. Finally, I also noticed that commonly the most "aggressive," and "definite," dominated their interactions. One of those was one of my relatives who was also very wealthy, very active in developmental efforts, and very, very, very politically conservative.
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Arion
05:53 PM on 09/14/2011
Reminds me of the time when here in upstate NY we had four types of Baptists (all busy attacking each other), three of Methodists and two Presbyterians. Now and then each one would get violent. Of course they would all get together to attack the Adventists, Mormons, and the the Jemima Unitarians. These folks do get fierce in faith..
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gmikejake
resist evil
06:07 AM on 09/15/2011
And, very likely, if you asked them, they would all say that they are "serving their lord." Explanation? Must be a lot of very nasty gods out there. Did any of the loving, compassionate, caring, peace making, gods ever show up?