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William Astore

William Astore

Posted: July 29, 2010 10:32 PM

Our Military's Disturbing Transition to Warriors

What's Your Reaction:

A subtle change has been happening right before the eyes of Americans. Our troops are being told they're no longer primarily citizen-soldiers or citizen-airmen; they're being told they're warriors. Indeed, they're reminded of this linguistic turn in "creeds" that many of them (and often their families) display with pride.

Here's an excerpt from the new Airman's Creed (2007):

"I am an American Airman.
I am a Warrior.
I have answered my nation's call.

I am an American Airman.
My mission is to fly, fight, and win.
I am faithful to a proud heritage,
a tradition of honor,
and a legacy of valor."

The Army's Soldier's Creed (2003) makes the same point about the need to be a warrior first and foremost.

Now, some would say there's nothing wrong with this. Our troops are at war. Don't we want them to have a strong warrior ethos?

The historian (and retired citizen-airman) in me says "no," and I'm supported in this by a surprising source: An American army pamphlet from World War II with the title "How the Jap Army Fights." After praising the Japanese for their toughness and endurance, the pamphlet, citing a study by Robert Leurquin, makes the following point:

"The Japanese is more of a warrior than a military man, and therein lies his weakness. The difference may be a subtle one, but it does exist: The essential quality of the warrior is bravery; that of the military man, discipline."

In 1942, our army cited the "warring passion" of the Japanese as a weakness, one that inhibited their mastery of "the craft of arms." Yet today, our army and air force extol the virtues of being a "warrior" to young recruits.

Today's cult of the warrior, as represented by these new "creeds," may seem cosmetic, but it cuts to the core of our military's self-image. That most Americans have no knowledge of it speaks volumes about the ongoing militarization of our language and even of our country.

After nearly a decade of war, we don't need more "warrior ethos." What we need are disciplined citizen-airmen and citizen-soldiers who know their craft, but who also know better than to revel in a warrior identity. We knew this in 1942; how did we come to forget it?

Professor Astore currently teaches History at the Pennsylvania College of Technology in Williamsport, PA. He writes regularly for TomDispatch.com and can be reached at wjastore@gmail.com.

 
 
 
 
 
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06:11 PM on 08/05/2010
Professor Alstore,
I disagree with your post because you chose to define the warrior ethos in very narrow terms. Using such a narrow definition has led to misunderstanding about the Army’s warrior ethos and its value.

In describing your concern about embracing the warrior culture you define the warrior culture using a pamphlet from WWII instead of how the Army defines the Warrior Ethos. You equate warrior ethos with warring passion. The warrior ethos is more than undisciplined warring passion. The warrior ethos is an all-encompassing mindset that involves discipline, mental fortitude, and commitment to our nation and its values. As a commander in Iraq it was the warrior ethos mindset that enabled my company to succeed. It was the warrior ethos instilled in my Soldiers that allowed us to conduct patrols hours after being hit with a suicide bomber.

If you look at the Army’s definition for warrior ethos (FM 3-21.75) you would see that your concern over the warrior ethos is misguided. You would see that the values you feel we are losing by emphasizing a warrior ethos are not being lost but, instead, forged. You would see that Soldiers who extol the virtues of being a warrior are disciplined citizen-soldiers knowledgeable in their craft.

Michael Williams
MAJ
ILE 10-003
The views expressed in this post are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the US Government.
10:24 AM on 08/03/2010
Of course, there is also the unspoken undercurrent common in the officer class: warriors not just for their country, but for their religion and godhead. It is a serious infection in the military.
professor
Correkt the Spelling and Pick on the Moniker
12:25 AM on 08/02/2010
Some responder to some post of mine elsewhere on a different topic concerning how somebody is always complaining the sky is going to fall when you make the slightest, the very slightest alteration with the status quo, in the effort to improve things just a tiny little bit. And now, because a few of us just kinda maybe think that it might be nice if the military killed a tad less civilians, especially in view of the fact that we want them to LIKE us--guess what? The sky is going to fall again. They are objecting, get this, because we will not let them kill enough civilians. Aiaiai.
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mjc
Avoid printing any..
02:28 PM on 08/01/2010
Today we learned on the Sun talk shows that this is an accurate description of the change in the image of the American soldier/sailor. Admiral Mullen went on at great length to explain how damaging the Wikileaks info was to Americans and to Afghans, all the while failing to explain what those "leaks" actually showed: the brutality of this war through two administrations and a seeming disregard for the civilians in Afghanistan. There were two full accounts of sending drones with bombs to get a single al Qaeda? or Taliban? leader which may have accomplished that but in the process killed 40 or 60 civilians. And apparently the idea of nation-building, which we were doing...supposedly under COIN...is being abandoned now with the stricture of just getting Taliban leaders, Taliban operations. The idea that we are going to wipe out the Taliban is just total stupidity. Taliban "insurgents" LIVE in Afghanistan and unless we wipe out all the men our goal won't happen. One of the interviewers asked him if it was worth the deaths of Americans to stay in Afghanistan to prevent women from Sharia law. Well..... We aren't there to establish a central government on a permanent basis. Karzai himself wants to talk to the Taliban. We aren't interested in talk anymore. American Empire: is that something this nation really wants?
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muck-raker
give me liberty or give me death
10:12 AM on 08/01/2010
WAR........................................WAR...........................................and more WAR
Since 1940 the USA has been at war with one country or another...........here is Mr. Butler to tell us why!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3_EXqJ8f-0
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08:05 AM on 08/01/2010
The Warrior ethos forbids harming innocents, so in that respect its a good thing. The Warrior Ethos is popular among young men as well, which attracts higher numbers of soldiers and this is good according to the military. If young men are told, you are a piece of meat, to follow orders without thought, your not a warrior, your a slave to do the masters bidding, who would join that circus? Its advertising, morale building, and no amount of following orders is going to give us a win in Afghanistan or Iraq, and if we have another world war, the draft will be in place and we will all be fighting for survival, not fighting for glory.
06:03 PM on 08/01/2010
No, that isn't right. The warrior ethos may overtly preach defending innocents, but it quickly translates into contempt for innocents as unworthy of the warrior mantle. We can see this in both European chivalry and the Japanese shogunate systems of hereditary warrior-caste interaction with society.

Discipline is NOT about slavery. It's about walling off one's wartime performance from one's civilian life, so that troops can be demobilized and return to the real world after war. What we've lost is that in a volunteer army, most people never share the burdens of war. A warrior culture doesn't help us in this regard; it takes those who volunteered as citizens and transforms them into permanent fighting forces, which our history did NOT want or even tolerate.

What we need is to return to the way that war was fought by America through its history: a SMALL corps of professional officers and troops, expanded during wartime by volunteers and indeed by conscripts (draftees) where needed, so that no one is pulling too much of the weight. War is indeed a burden and it must be shared.
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tresluv
07:56 PM on 08/01/2010
"The Warrior ethos forbids harming innocents"??

What planet are you living on? This very ethos is what "does" make young men (AND WOMEN, what *century* are you living in?) into pieces of meat (cannon fodder).

You think we're not fighting "for survival" RIGHT NOW?? We need to get out of both Iraq (where we should never have been in the first place) AND Afghanistan, where out reason for being there has long since degenerated into something unrecognizable.
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Mishal Zeera
06:55 AM on 08/01/2010
Further cartoonization/cartoonification/cartoonism of reality to make palatable that which is difficult for us to digest. Its one thing to serve the nation in a war like WW2, where there isn't really much of a choice - you are fighting for all that you love to survive. Its another thing to be fighting these murky, weird, pointless, quasi-religious, low risk wars for murky, weird, quasi-religious business interests.
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08:11 AM on 08/01/2010
Bingo, the government needs to create a back story to justify the violence and the warrior creed fits the bill for wars that are fought for the special interests of elitists. The military creed could go like this,

I am an airmen,
I am a piece of meat used to make money for Halliburton
My life means nothing because I am not wealthy
I throw myself down on land mines to make more profits for the coffin maker.
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scholasticus
I don't have to believe your "-ism".
09:53 AM on 08/01/2010
Dude, I laughed out loud at this one. Props.
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07:30 PM on 08/01/2010
Spin, aka propaganda, is an integral part of both politics and warfare. One mans freedom fighter is another mans terrorist.
12:28 AM on 08/01/2010
Why are our warriors in 140 different countries, while Mexico's 140million warriors are in our country?
04:11 PM on 08/01/2010
140 million? Have you counted them recently?
professor
Correkt the Spelling and Pick on the Moniker
12:15 AM on 08/02/2010
Because it was their country and we stole it from them. 1849 is an eyeblink ago.
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Sandgnat
Embrace the Lunacy
11:02 PM on 07/31/2010
When this nation was founded, we abhorred professional soldiers from our dealings with those of Great Britain. We came to venerate the dedicated citizen-soldier, an American first, a family man, a farmer and a warrior somewhere way down the list. We've lost that, and with it, perhaps, we've lost America..
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scholasticus
I don't have to believe your "-ism".
09:55 AM on 08/01/2010
Once upon a time we had no use for standing armies, which smacked of centralizing government oppression. Today, the mass media worships the "warrior" and every GI is a "hero".
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sb250guy
A Cunning Linguist
10:58 PM on 07/31/2010
Thank you. It was an interesting article. As years go on and on in wartime, it is easy to shift the image from civilian / servant to warrior. Everyone is too war weary to notice. I also believe a similar (and perhaps more dramatic) shift has taken place in America's police forces. Law enforcing (and abiding) civil servants who serve and protect doesn't seem to me to describe American police officers in 2010. They seem to have adopted a "warrior" ethos as well.
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tresluv
02:58 AM on 08/01/2010
Excellent observation. How did we get to a place where cops can use something as physically damaging as a taser, with so little provocation. Or for that matter, pepper spray, which can cause permanent damage to the eyes.
So many instances of totally innocent people being tasered and pepper sprayed in the face, - and as far as I can see, no repercussions for the police.
06:05 PM on 08/01/2010
I've seen relatively few instances of any such thing being done to "totally innocent" people, a pretty bold label to put on anyone given a view from so far away.
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Mishal Zeera
06:56 AM on 08/01/2010
Good point. I wonder if it also related to the pay cuts and the temperament of people they attract with salaries like that. Some people are more easily entertained by Hollywoodish notions of themselves as the tough guy than others.
10:39 PM on 07/31/2010
Even our esteemed military educational institutions have been overrun by liberal professors like Mr. Astore. He is a perfect example as to why most if not all military officers who reach the rank of COL/06 are nothing more than yes men worried about nothing but getting to the next rank, and will do anything to achieve it.

There real problem; the military doesn't have any senior officers that are "Warriors".
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healthanalyst
Banned from commenting, so?
01:35 AM on 08/01/2010
No the senior officers are now more concerned with getting that fat defense contracting job after they retire. They're all a bunch of political animals. They have forgotten what it means to be a professional in the military.
08:56 PM on 08/01/2010
So true..right on the mark!
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Mishal Zeera
07:00 AM on 08/01/2010
Good point. However, it is clearly in the interest of these military officers to have the sort of guys on the ground who dont think, and are easily pacified with glamourised visions of themselves as "warriors". Guys who are more excited about using heavy artillery on a small town for the hell of it, than guys who really want to get the job done right.
08:52 PM on 08/01/2010
Most "Warriors" know proportionality, however, a highly restrictive ROE is what is getting the guys killed. There is nothing glamorous about war...But this ain't the peace corp we're talking about. So I have no problem with whatever it takes to suppress the threat quickly and violently...The real problem is that these men and women have to walking lawyers nowadays. It's ridiculous and is not going to get any better with this WH in charge. Either let em' get the job done or get out!
10:33 PM on 07/31/2010
Thanks for an insightful article Mr. Astore.
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Jerry Barry
10:11 PM on 07/31/2010
I totally agree with Mr. William Astore comments about warrior and military personnel. I'm retired USAF and the AF is always trying to change things, like uniforms, command names (ATC to AETC, TAC to ACC, etc) and even the term airmen to warrior. There is someone in the Pentagon with nothing to do and who has plenty of time to come up with changes to all facets of the USAF. I don't see the USMC or Navy always changing their uniforms. No, their uniforms are a true and tried tradition passed down over the years.The AF is still trying to find it's way and will try any new, unproven idea to see if it fits them.
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healthanalyst
Banned from commenting, so?
01:38 AM on 08/01/2010
I agree, for the past 20 years its gone downhill. In part due to the politicization of DoD. The USAF is more subject to the political whims than most services. The Army and Navy have a long heritage and tradition of being able to deal with political influences. There is no glamor in getting into a tank for a political photo shoot as Dukakis found out. As for the Navy, well Bush is lucky the captain didn't sail in a circle so the shoreline was in the background. It still takes more than one political administration to do anything with the fleet. They're not built in a year.
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MadAs
Tuned-in science editor
09:01 PM on 07/31/2010
I am far less concerned about the troops' valor, courage, discipline, bravery, and honor than I am about the lack of those qualities in the top brass up to the Commander in Chief.

Thanks to Wikileaks (and as analyzed stingingly today by Democracy Now and Ring of Fire) our military leaders and the W administration told us whatever lies they could come up with in order to go to war, knowing the real reasons would never garner our support.

The very inept and self-serving W administration, had varied interests: W by the desire to even old family scores and Cheney and Rummy to gain oil control. Without our war on Iraq, oil contracts to companies in which C & R owned huge blocks of shares in would have ended up going to Russia, France, and Japan.

And you know what that means -- C & R would have lost a lot of $$, but by using dumb-dumb's fetish to get Saddam they could make millions. So American sons and daughters were sacrificed for C & R, and the devastating costs were dumped on us.

The question now is, where in the hell is Barack headed? Is he gonna see the gig is up, or is he going to be as stupid as W was or as ill-informed as Johnson?
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Mishal Zeera
07:01 AM on 08/01/2010
It doesn't look good, any response to the Obama question.
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MadAs
Tuned-in science editor
08:41 PM on 08/01/2010
No, just HOPE.

(A bit more just below in my repsonse to Jamie)
06:10 PM on 08/01/2010
When you only allow for two possibilities, i.e. do what I'm saying is best or else you're doing something stupid, it's likely that you'll be disappointed.

It seems to me that, while much of your analysis is essentially correct, your conclusions should be that we want the President to do what is best for AMERICA -- and that the reason we have a president at all is because we expect that he'll do a more thorough job of knowing the options that you or I or any of us could.
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MadAs
Tuned-in science editor
08:37 PM on 08/01/2010
Hey Jamie, I'm reasonably sure that over 99% of us do "want ...what is best for AMERICA." The other 1% care only about their own ass and could care less about you, me or America.

I didn't reach a conclusion, however, but rather a question of whether Barack will rise to doing the right/best thing or has he too succumbed to the power brokers, the war-business profiteers, who will lose huge $ contracts if war goes away (i.e., the end of their income and their nice comfy world).

As for Barack knowing more that us, certainly he does. The question is whether he is going to reshape that knowledge and the truth into a false line like W fed us? It seems that that has been his course so far and if not, he really needs to demonstrate that he hasn't -- else you and I may have to go with the appearance -- which isn't too good.
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zanzig
08:45 PM on 07/31/2010
There is nothing new in the US Army "warrior" ethos. There are self-references by the Green Berets, Navy SEALs, African American troops, Navajo troops, Marine Corps to themselves as American Warriors in books, movies and even in song, going back to at least WWII, if not before.