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William S. Becker

William S. Becker

Posted: October 18, 2009 09:55 AM

Dressing for Copenhagen

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In the Danish fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen, an Emperor goes out among his subjects in his underwear. Two swindlers posing as tailors have convinced him he's wearing a suit made from cloth that's invisible to anyone who is stupid. Not wanting to accept that he's stupid, the Emperor parades through his empire believing he's fully dressed.

It now is up to the U.S. Senate to make sure Uncle Sam is not only fully dressed, but dressed for success when he shows up in Copenhagen Dec. 7 to work on a global climate deal.

As far as wardrobes go, President Barack Obama and his team have done a pretty good job packing their suitcases with climate initiatives they've launched under their own authority this year. As The Economist puts it, "America will now not have to go naked into the conference chamber" at Copenhagen.

Even so, without an affirmative vote by the Senate on a respectable climate bill, Uncle Sam will be only half-dressed in the eyes of the global community. That's my reading after a three-country tour of Europe where I spent nine days in meetings with people from 19 nations ranging from Bangladesh to Belgium and Russia to Rwanda. They included a former head of state, former top military leaders, current government officials, scientists, entrepreneurs, academics and other thought leaders in their respective countries.

In my informal sampling of their opinions, I found that a) U.S. leadership remains the linchpin of a global climate deal, and b) the world needs to know that Congress, as well as President Obama, is serious about capping America's greenhouse gas emissions.

Before speculating about why this is the case, let's review the accomplishments the administration already can take to Copenhagen:

  • Earlier this year, EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson ruled that greenhouse gas emissions endanger public health and welfare. That triggered EPA's authority to regulate those emissions under the Clean Air Act. EPA now is moving forward on regulations that would limit emissions from large polluters starting in 2011, signaling that if Congress and the marketplace don't force a cut in U.S. carbon, EPA will.
  • The economic stimulus bill contained tens of billions of dollars for clean energy technologies ranging from high-speed rail to home weatherization, and from solar power to battery storage. It was the biggest energy bill ever passed by Congress. Most of those funds are only now beginning to move into the economy. The U.S. Department of Energy predicts "the next three months will be the most exciting time for the clean-technology industry in the last decade" with new grants issued every 10 days to two weeks.
  • In September, Interior Secretary Ken Salazar created a Climate Change Response Council to coordinate the department's actions on global warming. That's important because Interior has jurisdiction over one-fifth of our nation's landmass, 1.7 billion acres on the Outer Continental Shelf, drinking water supplies for 31 million Americans and irrigation water for 140,000 farmers. The announcement followed Salazar's decision last March to move toward substantial renewable energy production on public lands.
  • EPA and the Department of Transportation have proposed standards to increase the fuel efficiency of cars and light trucks in the U.S. by 40 percent between 2012 and 2016. The new standards will cut carbon emissions by nearly a billion tons and reduce oil consumption by nearly 2 billion barrels. Dan Becker of the Safe Climate Campaign called this action "the single biggest step the American government has ever taken to cut greenhouse-gas emissions."
  • In Pittsburgh last month, the G-20 endorsed Obama's proposal to eliminate fossil energy subsidies totaling about 300 billion annually. That huge step, as important symbolically as it is substantively, would cut greenhouse gas emissions an estimated 10 percent by mid-century and phase out the idiotic practice of supporting the fuels most responsible for anthropogenic climate change. The G-20's staff is developing the details.
  • The administration has asked Congress to repeal a number of domestic tax breaks for fossil energy industries on grounds that energy prices should reflect true costs and that economic policy should support Obama's goal to create a clean energy economy. According to the Environmental Law Institute, the federal government provided more than70 billion in subsidies to fossil energy industries from 2002 to 2008, more than twice the subsidies provided to renewable energy.
  • In one of his first acts as president, Obama issued an order that removed the gag and shackles from federal climate scientists, who then issued a long-suppressed report on the harsh and disruptive impacts climate change will have on every region of the United States.
  • Earlier this month, the president issued a comprehensive executive order that directs federal agencies, which collectively are America's biggest energy consumer, to establish absolute goals for carbon-cuts, to reduce petroleum use in the federal vehicle fleet by 30 percent, to implement a net-zero-energy requirement for federal buildings and to add sustainability requirements to federal contracts.
  • The administration is seeking bilateral climate agreements with other key nations, believing they are the "building blocks to an agreement at Copenhagen." In July, the administration signed a memorandum of understanding with China on energy, climate and environmental cooperation. The president reportedly will seek further collaborations next month when he goes to China, followed by a meeting with the prime minister of India in Washington.

Given this list (and these are just the highlights), why do we need the Senate to pass a bill in November?

First, executive orders are no substitute for laws. Presidential orders are impermanent. They are created with the stroke of a pen, and they can be reversed with the stroke of the pen by future presidents. Laws also can be reversed, of course, but not nearly so easily. Many of the nation's landmark environmental laws, such as the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, were passed by Congress decades ago and remain in force today.

Second, Senate action would affirm that the United States may finally be ready to move beyond its intransigence over the Kyoto Protocol to help ratify an international climate deal. The Senate sent a positive signal in 2005 when, by a vote of 54-43, it approved a resolution stating that:

Congress should enact a comprehensive and effective program of mandatory, market based limits and incentives on emissions of greenhouse gases that slow, stop and reverse the growth of such emissions at a rate and in a manner that will not significantly harm the United States economy and will encourage comparable action by other nations that are major trading partners and key contributors to global emissions.

But it was the Senate's vote in 1997 -- 95-0 for the Byrd-Hagel resolution -- that sticks in the minds of the international community. It made clear the upper house would not consent to ratification of any agreement that did not include "specific scheduled commitments (by developing countries) to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions." That remains the position of many political leaders in the United States today, including some who speak for the administration.

In addition, the Senate's overall record on international environmental agreements leaves room for uncertainty over its reaction to a climate deal. The Senate has voted in favor of ratification for 69 percent of the environmental treaties it has considered over the past 20 years, but several have been languishing for a long time. As of last March, agreements in legislative limbo included the Law of the Sea Treaty submitted to the Senate in 1994; the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species submitted to the Senate in 1983; the Convention on Biological Diversity submitted to the Senate in 1993; the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants submitted to the Senate in 2002; and the 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes, submitted to the Senate in 2007.

At the moment, our political leaders are sending very mixed signals on whether the Senate will pass a climate bill before Copenhagen. After Carol Browner was quoted predicting no bill this year, Sen. Barbara Boxer rushed to declare that passage is still possible. Democrat Sen. John Kerry and Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham expressed joint optimism in an op-ed for the New York Times:

We are confident that a legitimate bipartisan effort can put America back in the lead again and can empower our negotiators to sit down at the table in Copenhagen in December and insist that the rest of the world join us in producing a new international agreement on global warming. That way, we will pass on to future generations a strong economy, a clean environment and an energy-independent nation.

Let's hope the optimists are correct. Big hurdles remain in the way of an international climate deal; getting over them will require all the momentum we can muster. It would be sweet indeed if the Obama administration struck substantive bilateral agreements with China and India next month. But nothing would be sweeter than a November Miracle from the U.S. Senate.

As they take up the climate issue, Senators should reflect on how the people of other nations see us in the United States. Other nations know we are responsible for nearly a third of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere today. They know we remain one of the world's principal sources of new emissions. Refusing to take responsibility for those facts, openly and proactively, makes us less than moral.

However, they also know our history. In the past, we have been the world's best example of innovation, compassion and generosity even when, as in World War II, we had to put American lives, lifestyles and treasure on the line. As I've traveled overseas, I've heard again and again that leadership from the United States remains the world's best hope for ending extreme poverty while avoiding the extreme suffering and instability that would come from unmitigated climate change.

That hope is both flattering and daunting. My hope is that it will not be misplaced.

 
 
 
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02:51 PM on 10/20/2009
Lord Monckton climate expert.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMe5dOgbu40
11:12 AM on 10/20/2009
"We've innovated well in TV's, cars, tires, steel............. Yep, having our energy increase 5X will help. Help China."
We invented color tvs and Japan dumped them on US and stole the business.
now an HDTV factory costs 25 BILLION and uses 50 BILLION MORE in (local) infrasructure.
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buttonz
06:41 PM on 10/19/2009
It is unbelievable to see so much enthusiasm over cap and trade. Whether your liberal or conservative, believe in climate change or not, everyone should be gawking at how the approach to the problems.

Cap and trade is the worst result of lobbying monsters. Do you know who is behind all this? The oil and energy companies. The cost to build all these renewable energy plants and making everything more green will cost trillions. The climate bill essentially requests the world to overhaul it's entire energy infrastructure with far more expensive and far less efficient means of generating energy.

The irony is all the pollution that will come from this. Solar panels have a short life and constantly need to be replaced as where to process one ton of lithium (necessary in all renewable energy sources) creates 1000 tons of waste.

No matter what you believe, it should be very obvious as that these people are masquerading as environmentalists unless they are entirely naive. Who do you think is going to get kick backs for getting a bill passed that gives these companies these contracts to build?

Think...
04:16 PM on 10/19/2009
Funny the writer should choose the story of the “Emperor’s new clothes” as an opener to his piece. The story so perfectly summarizes the relationship between the Emperor (People in authority who should know better; from the President down) and the rogue tailors (scoundrels like Al Gore and James Hansen).
03:50 PM on 10/19/2009
If they can get a climate treaty that doesn't destroy our economy, create new international bodies with laws superseding our own, doesn't tax the American people to pay for developing third-world countries.

I'm all for renewable energy and helping third-world countries but it should be based on American initiative, American law, and American generosity. Right now a lot of us are losing the prosperity to be generous, and this would only aggravate that.

As it is going, the only good news out of Copenhagen will be one of no movement.
03:34 PM on 10/19/2009
The climate bill aims to reduce GHG emissions by 80% by 2050, mostly by capn'trade and so called renewables.

According to current science this is too little too late - fiddling while Rome burns. A !00% reduction within ten years is both necessary and feasible.

This foolish emphasis on expensive undependable wind and solar will do very little to reduce GHG's. Germany's $100 billion wind/solar program has only managed to maintain GHG's at 1990 levels and has forced a build of dirty coal plants.

China and India are leading the world in GHG' reduction efforts with 120 and 450 gigawatts of nuclear plants planned. Fortunately, it appears the Republicans have forced Obama into doing some tiny bit for nuclear energy - a fraction of what is necessary.

While cap n'trade will encourage nuclear plant construction this one reactor here one and there program is expensive and ineffective. A World War II type all out effort to build 2000 gigawatts of new mass produced nuclear plants, two every week, for 10 years is required. It will be a massive economic booster putting unemployed construction, steel and converted auto plant workers back to work and it will be paid for by quickly ending domestic oil use.

A massive increase in funding for new Gen IV reactors using the current 50000 tons of stored waste as a hundred year source of fuel, and new fusion technologies will ensure a endless supply of clean green energy.
01:05 PM on 10/19/2009
Man, it's cold outside!
04:14 PM on 10/19/2009
To quote Exusian:

"Mommy, if we have global warming, why is there still winter?"
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10:36 AM on 10/19/2009
The 10 years cooling is just weather? You need to look longer term for climate?
11:08 AM on 10/19/2009
Why yes, you do need to look longer term for climate. A thousand years is a nice short time period for evaluating climate.
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BrettnCalgary
05:41 AM on 10/19/2009
China and India will more than make up for any token cuts in our carbon dioxide emissions...... and they have every right to. We used as much energy as we needed when we were developing. Obviously, they have the right to do the same.

What we have to do instead is adapt. Climate change is inevitable. This will create new opportunities and pose more challenges. We have to deal with these as they come.

All these treaties and negotiations among politicians are a waste of time. Any treaty they pass will be designed to help their big business buddies, not to mitigate climate change.
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10:40 AM on 10/19/2009
Total CO2 emissions are directly proportional to GDP. One simple solution, cut GDP.
11:20 AM on 10/19/2009
Great idea. GDP is a crappy measure of economic activity anyway.
01:18 AM on 10/21/2009
Easy for us to say. Not so easy for people in China and India.

US + EU is 10 times bigger than China and has only half as many people. De-growth is obviously not an option for China or India.
02:23 PM on 10/19/2009
And folks forget that Air pollution is not just local because the air moves.
You can build the technologies anywhere to do the same thing.
01:38 AM on 10/19/2009
We have nothing to lose and everything to gain by going for the gusto at Copenhagen. Reducing carbon emissions will force us to innovate. It will bring manufacturing and skilled jobs back to the US. It will reduce our entanglements in foreign wars and occupations. It will allow us to confront the ecological catastrophe that is overtaking us, regardless of whether global warming is anthropogenic or natural (only the looniest kooks these days seriously argue that it's not happening). We've got fisheries crashing, dead zones in our estuaries, topsoil washing away, coral reefs dying, and a host of other crises in the offing. We need to be able to confront all of these.

The foolish among us think that humans are too puny to have an effect on something so gargantuan as The Atmosphere. Well, humans are puny, but 6 billion of us is not. 8 or 9 billion of us is definitely gargantuan. We need to develop ways of coping with the effect we are having on the planet, on the ecosystems that sustain the web of life that sustains all life. Because there is no place on the planet right now which we do not impact.
05:43 AM on 10/19/2009
What makes you think that these treaties will bring manufacturing jobs to the United States ? If anything, it will make it costlier to do business in America and take jobs away.
11:12 AM on 10/19/2009
1. You can't outsource renewable energy production. It just doesn't work.

2. You can't outsource energy efficiency strategies. That also doesn't work.

3. The increase in conventional energy costs, especially that of oil, is going to make outsourcing more expensive anyway. Might as well get ahead of the curve.

4. Something we COULD outsource, but which we'd be stupid to, is the invention and development of new green and energy efficient technologies. But if we refuse to get behind climate change mitigation/adaptation, we will in effect be telling China, Europe, and India--"Hey! We're going to stick with the old, polluting, expensive way of doing things. While we're doing that, why don't you train a generation of engineers, scientists, and designers to think creatively and constructively about our impact on the ecosphere, to innovate, and to develop new technologies. Once you're done doing that, we'll try to play catch-up."
11:19 AM on 10/19/2009
A couple more things. There are no treaties yet, besides the toothless Kyoto Protocol. What evidence do YOU have that any effort we take to reduce GHG emissions will, as you say, make it costlier to do business in the US and take jobs away? What make you think that?

Also, are you a climate change denier? If so, what is your alternative hypothesis? Is it that a.) climate change is a hoax, or b.) that it's happening but we shouldn't worry about it because it'll be awesome, or c.) that it's happening but it's totally naturally caused so naturally we shouldn't try to do anything about it, or d.) it's happening but it's totally natural and maybe we should do something about it.

If you are not a climate change denier, what would be your ideal of an international treaty that would help forestall or reduce the effects of climate change?
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10:37 AM on 10/19/2009
We've innovated well in TV's, cars, tires, steel............. Yep, having our energy increase 5X will help. Help China.
11:14 AM on 10/19/2009
Do you see the disconnect between the problem you described--outsourcing production of manufactured goods--and the solution you imply is the problem--ignoring climate change? In fact, importing goods from thousands of miles away is a huge contributor to greenhouse gases. Cutting GHGs would automatically force us to take a look at producing these things closer to home.
09:43 PM on 10/18/2009
If Light Pollution could make the cover of last November's National Geographic:

"The End Of Night: Why We Need Darkness"

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/11/table-of-contents

"Our Vanishing Night"

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/11/light-pollution/klinkenborg-texts

Why is it that you are not talking about it?

After all, lighting up the undersides of clouds, birds and airplanes is not only wasteful but contributes to the excess Carbon Dioxide because half of energy we use comes from the burning of coal.