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Wray Herbert

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A New Psychological Method: Metaphor Therapy

Posted: 07/16/10 09:00 AM ET

Many healing traditions make use of jars--variously called God jars, or resentment jars, or worry jars. The idea is that you can--literally--compartmentalize your troubles, and by doing so take away their emotional power. If this sounds like a lot of New Age gobbledygook to you, read on.

The practice is a form of metaphor therapy, which sees psychological truth in common metaphors like "bottled-up anger" and "buried sorrows." These figures of speech are not arbitrary, a growing number of psychologists believe; instead they are examples of the way abstract psychological states overlap with physical experience. Psychological scientist Xiuping Li and his colleagues at the National University of Singapore wanted to explore these ideas in connection with emotional regulation--specifically the possibility that the physical act of enclosing bad feelings might facilitate psychological closure on a difficult emotional experience.

The first experiments were quite simple. In one, the researchers asked a group of volunteers to recall (and write about) a recent decision that they regretted. Half of them sealed the written memory inside an envelope before handing it in, while the others simply handed it to the experimenter. Then they all reported their feelings about the event, including guilt, worry and shame. In a second similar experiment, volunteers wrote about a dream that had gone unfulfilled. Again, only half sealed away their recollections, and again they all later described how emotionally upset they were. The results were unambiguous, and identical in each study: Those who physically sealed away their bad experiences--even though it was just in a common envelope--had many fewer negative emotions afterward. The simple act of containing the emotionally charged memories appears to have defused them.

At least that's one interpretation. But the scientists wanted to be sure that it was specifically the act of enclosing negative memories and emotions that was alleviating distress. So they ran another experiment to clarify the findings. In this one, volunteers read a news account of a child's tragic death, and wrote about their emotional response to it. Then they wrote about something neutral--their plans for the weekend, for example. Half the volunteers sealed up the tragic story and their reactions, while the others sealed up their weekend plans, before doing the same kind of emotional inventory.

The purpose here was to see if simply sealing up anything would have the same tonic effect. It did not. Only those who sealed up their shock and sadness about the tragedy got relief from the act. The scientists did one more version of the study where some of the volunteers paper-clipped the distressing memory rather than sealing it up; and again this act failed to alleviate emotional upset. Apparently psychological closure really means closure--not clipping. As reported online last week in the journal Psychological Science, only the act of enveloping the emotional content worked.

So how does it work? It's not known for sure, but here's a hint. The scientists finished the study of the tragic news study by giving all the volunteers a pop quiz at the end--to see how much of the story they recalled. And guess what. Those who had gone through the act of sealing away the event and their feelings remembered fewer details of the event. That is, sealing up the emotional content appears to have diminished the actual memory of the upsetting event, contributing to the psychological closure necessary for putting the pain in the past.

 
 
 
Many healing traditions make use of jars--variously called God jars, or resentment jars, or worry jars. The idea is that you can--literally--compartmentalize your troubles, and by doing so take away t...
Many healing traditions make use of jars--variously called God jars, or resentment jars, or worry jars. The idea is that you can--literally--compartmentalize your troubles, and by doing so take away t...
 
 
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03:08 PM on 07/20/2010
It's great to see a reference to metaphor therapy from a different source. I'm hoping there'll be other metaphor enthusiasts that we can connect with. We've studied David Grove and his Metaphor Therapy since the late 1990's. Having worked through many transcripts of a number of therapists including Ericson, Grove became interested in developing language that was 'clean' and didn't introduce the therapist's patterns of thought and internal metaphors into the client's own. The 'cleaner' his language the more the client's naturally developed metaphors isomorphic with their symptoms and their world. He used clean questions to enable the client's to develop their own metaphor landscape within which their symptoms made sense. As the metaphor develops, evolves and transforms so too does the experience of the client. His later work included clean space, clean worlds, emergent knowledge and the power of 6.
Not being a therapist myself I took his work into developing organizational and community metaphors and have developed our company www.trainingattention.co.uk. We use it with children, teachers, businesses and are currently involved in a 3 year University Programme training students to 'model' their metaphors for learning. If you want to find out about clean language we recommend www.cleanlanguage.co.uk owned by psychotherapists and 'modellers' Penny Tompkins and James Lawley authors of Metaphors in Mind. They spent 5 years modelling the work of David Grove and developed symbolic modelling. Please comment and get in touch across the water.
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charon
Censorship is the betrayal of democracy
01:07 PM on 07/17/2010
Personally, I believe in a New Age therapy called "Platitude Therapy." It helps people find the meaninglessness of their futile existence in old saws and the wisdom of the jaded. Like a thought that snores in words that smoke, it helps people find fossilized sentiments in the artificial rock of ages, so they can rest in peace like a jellyfish rotting away on the shores of the sea of thought. It was invented, I believe, by Dr. Bierce.
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Cheryl Fitzpatrick
Make GOP just GO
07:41 PM on 07/17/2010
Great post, have you looked into the Bulwer-Lytton contest? You sound like a natural, fanned.
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awarg
05:20 PM on 07/16/2010
I have used "forgiveness" as away to deal with anger. I was treated terribly by my mother and sisters for most of my life. I kept my anger and hatred bottled up until it would explode, usually on people I loved and adored. I finally forgave them, at first, in my head, then later, in person! I felt great!! Whether they took my forgiveness or not- I really don't care! But not having an anchor around my neck made me feel wonderful!
02:41 PM on 07/16/2010
Do we have an envelope big enough for the entire planet?
02:36 PM on 07/16/2010
Let us not forget - religion is metaphor.
12:58 PM on 07/16/2010
Writing in my diary almost every day and then reading it afterwards, I am often amazed at what kind of metaphors I come up with unconsciously. It´s a good exercise to take one or the other of those metaphors and take them a little further, envisioning etc.
Or, if I am at a loss as to what is bothering me, trying to come up with a metaphor that feels fitting.
And those every day expressions have come from somewhere, they describe the human experience quite well.
11:25 AM on 07/16/2010
Fascinating, but Milton Erickson was doing similar metaphorical therapy in the 1920s until his death. Jay Haley's book, Uncommon Therapy, is an introduction. I studied with Erickson before his death, but I didn't hear much from him after that.
DocJ64
01:13 AM on 07/17/2010
What a fortunate man for you have to studied with Erickson.

But wanted to add is two items that coincide with this article; the first is that many religions do 'burning' ceremonies at various times of the year. The first is to 'rid' themselves of heartaches, pain, bad habits etc. by writing these down on paper and then burning them Then, a list of 'wants' desires' goals ' are written down on paper, and then burned. Doing both seems to accomplish the 'gettting rid of' and the latter does the 'replacement' part.

The second procedure, I have used for those who are 'over whelmed by all their problems; is to suggest they write each problem down on separate pieces of paper. And each day go through, and 'see' if there is anything they can do that day to to 'work' on that problem. Then do that action; and on days when there is nothing can be done for that problem, go on to the next. This simple procedure, separates the problems, breaks them down into manageable bits.

And lastly; as someone has mentioned before 'forgivness' is a key to true freedom.