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Wray Herbert

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Why Thinking About Dying Makes Us More Generous

Posted: 09/04/11 12:32 PM ET

You're visiting a friend who lives on the 20th floor of an old, inner city block of apartments. It's the middle of the night when you are suddenly awakened from a deep sleep by the sound of screams and the choking smell of smoke.

You are shocked to find the room filling fast with thick clouds of smoke. Grabbing a blanket off the bed and using it as protection, you manage to turn the handle and open the door.

Almost immediately, a huge wave of flame and smoke roars into the room, knocking you back and literally off your feet. There is no way to leave the room. Panicked, you scramble to the only window in the room and try to open it.

As you struggle, you realize the old window is virtually painted shut around all the edges. It doesn't budge. You drop to the floor hoping to escape the rising smoke, but it is too late.

The room is filled top to bottom with thick fumes and is nearly entirely in flames. With your heart pounding, it suddenly hits you, as time seems to stand still, that you are literally moments away from dying.

Yikes. What an excruciating and terrifying way to go. If you're like me, you experienced a moment of panic reading that passage, but relax -- you're okay. The above scenario is just an experimental manipulation, one meant to jump-start your existential mind.

Or, one of your two existential minds -- if an emerging theory is correct. Psychological scientists Laura Blackie and Philip Cozzolino of the University of Essex, UK, have been exploring the idea that we are all governed by two distinct existential systems, with distinct ways of processing the idea of death. Both have the power to change our attitudes and actions in important ways, but they work in very different -- almost opposite -- ways.

One of these systems responds to the abstract concept of dying, so that even subtle everyday reminders of death and dying prime the mind to ward off existential terror. This system tends to bolster our already existing beliefs, both religious and cultural, as a way of affirming life.

The second system is vivid, concrete and highly personal; it is primed not by subtle and abstract thoughts, but by actually coming face to face with death. When this system is primed into action -- as the above scenario is meant to do -- our very personal sense of mortality can lead us to reexamine our priorities in life, to become more grateful and grow in spiritual ways.

So, shoring up beliefs, or re-examining them: which leads to a better life? The scientists ran an experiment to begin exploring this question. They recruited volunteers, ages 17 to 76, and primed them in different ways. Some answered open-ended questions about death, to remind them of their mortality in a general way, while others imagined they were trapped and dying in the burning apartment.

Others -- the controls -- thought about going to the dentist -- unpleasant, but not life-threatening. Then, they all read one of two "news" stories: Both were fake, but one said that blood donations were at "record lows," while the other said the opposite, that supplies were at "record highs." Finally, they gave all the participants the opportunity to volunteer as blood donors.

The scientists wanted to see who became more altruistic, and the findings were an interesting mix. Those primed in an abstract way were more generous than the controls, but only when the need was high. This suggests that they were reaffirming the societal expectation that it is good to give to the needy, but with no sweeping personal epiphany.

But those who were vividly primed by thoughts of their own death in flames were more generous even than those primed in a more subtle and abstract way. They were willing to give blood whether the need was high or low, suggesting a fundamental re-examination of values.

Why would this difference occur? One possibility, the scientists write in the online version of the journal Psychological Science, is that our abstract existential system has no tolerance for the gory details of death, indeed that abstract thoughts of death generate an aversion to bodily fluids, including blood. This aversion to blood is not strong enough to trump cultural expectations that we should help those in need, but it carefully metes out generosity to those truly in need. For those who have come close to perishing, blood is not something aversive, but the stuff of life.

 
 
 
You're visiting a friend who lives on the 20th floor of an old, inner city block of apartments. It's the middle of the night when you are suddenly awakened from a deep sleep by the sound of screams an...
You're visiting a friend who lives on the 20th floor of an old, inner city block of apartments. It's the middle of the night when you are suddenly awakened from a deep sleep by the sound of screams an...
 
 
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09:43 PM on 09/10/2011
Interesting article. From this I conclude that human nature is selfish and egoistic, and we only every look after number one. Yet, when we think that we cannot survive, we let go of this nature and become giving.
I've been thinking about this alot lately, because the state of to the current global situation is showing us how heavily we depend on each other. We are part of an integral global world and we are just starting to understand that what happens in one area affects another. Global financial crisis, natural disasters one after another. .. It seems we are being pushed, as a world body of people to this very realization that you mention in this article. Perhaps if we do not start caring for each other and helping each other, we may all add to and witness to our global demise due to our inherent selfishness. Its good to know that when we do finally realize that we might all die, then our ability to care and help others might just kick in.
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Todd G Chavey
11:29 PM on 09/09/2011
You can feel this way now. It is a shame, but at least some learn it just before they pass. Realize that this World is a cold, greedy place to learn. I look at it as a joke, completely the opposite of what Christ told us to be. You then realize that it is about Love and not Money. Yeah, knowing that will loosen you up and point you and guide you in the right direction.
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Chad Wheeler
06:04 PM on 09/08/2011
This was a fascinating essay. I have experienced both phenomena. I wish someone could come up with a way to keep that sense of wonder and joy a person feels after they have escaped death a lifelong constant.
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spkninglsh
'Poor' Fridge Owner
12:45 AM on 09/08/2011
Tell that to Rick Perry.
08:49 PM on 09/07/2011
This was a confusing report. The headline and opening suggested it was about generosity in general, the conclusion seemed to be all about blood. Would the results be the same if the generous gesture was say, giving canned goods to a foodbank, as opposed to giving blood?
nothingchanges
too soon old, too late smart
03:00 PM on 09/04/2011
I'm dying..................don't feel bad......so are you, we all are.

Most people don't give that a great deal of thought, or they avoid the topic altogether. Death, like many other tragedies happens to "someone else", not me.

Due to circumstances I choose not to make public, I have given this topic a great deal of personal thought. It has changed the way I view the world, and the people who occupy it.

Douglas Adams wrote in his Hitch Hikers Guide to the Galaxy..............

“This planet had a problem: most of the people living on it were unhappy for pretty much of the time.

Many solutions were suggested for this problem, but most of these were largely concerned with the movements of small green pieces of paper, which is odd because on the whole it wasn’t the small green pieces of paper that were unhappy.”

Sums it up pretty well.

Most people chase wealth, yet fail to consider that the only thing we REALLY have in life is time. When our time is up, it doesn't matter how many mansions, limousines, or politicians we own.

What matters is how productively we spent our time.

If I can make any small difference, If I have improved only one person's life during my span, I will consider myself successful.

That's more than a lot of multimillionaires can claim.