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The 'Snowmageddon Effect': Understanding Irrational Thinking About Global Warming

Posted: 03/10/11 02:49 PM ET

On Feb. 5 and 6, 2010, a blizzard dumped historic snowfalls on the mid-Atlantic region of the country. Elkridge, Md., got more than 38 inches over the two days, and Washington, D.C., where I live, ended up with about 20 inches of accumulation. That's a lot of snow for us, but this was just the start. Three days later, another winter storm dumped an additional 20 inches or more on the nation's capital. The weather's one-two punch soon became known as "Snowmageddon," a nickname made official when President Obama used it to describe the paralyzing storms.

Snowmageddon had a puzzling side effect: TV commentators, perhaps because there isn't much to say about snow once it's fallen, started filling the airwaves with skeptical remarks about global warming. They seemed to take the extreme and aberrant wintry conditions outside as reason to disregard years of painstakingly accumulated evidence for worldwide warming.

This doesn't make any sense, of course, which is why it got the attention of psychological scientists at Columbia University's Center for Decision Sciences. Ye Li, Eric Johnson and Lisa Zaval were intrigued that people's beliefs about something so important could be so malleable, and especially that these beliefs might be shaped by something as transient as a freakish snowstorm. They had a suspicion about what might be going on psychologically: Because global warming is such a complex and inaccessible scientific issue, they speculated, it's possible that people substitute a judgment that is much simpler and more accessible: the weather right outside the door.

They decided to explore this peculiar kind of irrationality, and did so using a couple of Internet studies. In the first one, they asked a large sample of (wintering) Americans and (summering) Australians how convinced they are that global warming is in fact occurring, and how worried they are about the possibility. They also asked them whether the local temperature that day was unseasonably warm or cold, figuring that temperature deviations would be more meaningful than absolute temperatures. The scientists also used the volunteers' postal codes to check the actual temperatures on the day of the survey, and their deviation from normal, and it turned out that the volunteers' perceptions of normal and abnormal temperatures were accurate.

When they crunched the data together, the results were striking: Regardless of whether it was summer or winter, people who thought it was warmer than usual outside were much more likely to believe in global warming and to be concerned about its effects.

This is a wacky way to form an opinion, but these findings are consistent with a growing body of research showing that irrelevant environmental information affects reasoning and judgment in bizarre ways. Merely holding a hot cup of coffee, for example, can increase feelings of emotional warmth toward a stranger. Seeing someone sneeze during flu season can increase support for controversial health care reform. And hand-washing can make people feel righteous. The list goes on.

Even so, the Columbia scientists wanted to reexamine the link between weather and belief. So they ran another version of the experiment. It used the same questions and methods as the first study, but this one also asked participants if they would donate money to a global-warming charity called Clean Air-Cool Planet. This is an actual charity, and the donations were real. The scientists wanted to see if those who claimed to be concerned about global warming would put their money where their mouth is.

And they did. As reported in the online version of the journal Psychological Science, the participants who thought it was warmer than usual outside were much more likely to donate money to the environmental charity than were those who thought it was colder, and they gave five times as much money.

These findings are disturbing, and they raise some big questions about how we form our beliefs about important issues of the day. Given all the scientific investigation of global warming over many years, and the extensive media coverage of the science, one would expect people to have made up their minds, one way or the other. But apparently they haven't, if beliefs and concerns can be so easily manipulated by irrelevant information. It appears that views and beliefs, including responses to surveys, are not set in stone, but rather are constantly reexamined, making public opinion as mercurial as February weather in Washington, D.C.

 
 
 
On Feb. 5 and 6, 2010, a blizzard dumped historic snowfalls on the mid-Atlantic region of the country. Elkridge, Md., got more than 38 inches over the two days, and Washington, D.C., where I live, end...
On Feb. 5 and 6, 2010, a blizzard dumped historic snowfalls on the mid-Atlantic region of the country. Elkridge, Md., got more than 38 inches over the two days, and Washington, D.C., where I live, end...
 
 
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08:01 AM on 03/20/2011
CAGW means that all the snow in those future blizzards will be much warmer.
DrSnuggles
You label me and I'll label you
12:44 PM on 03/11/2011
Also as an aside about the climate change debate in general. It's the proponents of climate change that are really doing the most damage.

Any person with a reasonably scientific mind and access to some facts can tell that global warming is real and is happening. Those of us with both of those can also tell that the danger from it and the rate at which it is happening have been grossly exaggerated by those attempting to convince the non-believers about it.

This is not to say it shouldn't be a major concern, but all too often people are told that the car about to hit them at 40 mph is actually an 18-wheeler going 80.
DrSnuggles
You label me and I'll label you
12:40 PM on 03/11/2011
The truly silly thing about Snowmageddon being an excuse for lowered belief is in global warming was that it wasn't colder than usual outside. Early February in the mid-atlantic has always (obviously this is weather so always means 'on average') been cold enough for accumulation of snow.

The freaky part of the snowstorm was the amount of precipitation.
04:59 AM on 03/11/2011
Nothing will ever prove global warming to be wrong. Because global warming causes everything. If you don't understand this, you must be crazy.

http://www.numberwatch.co.uk/warmlist.htm
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Jim Milks
Ecologist
08:45 AM on 03/11/2011
You want to prove global warming is wrong? Show that 1) the global mean temperature is declining and/or 2) that CO2 has nothing to do with temperature. Go ahead. I hope you don't mind if I don't wait while you search.
09:13 PM on 03/10/2011
complex information easily bamboozles people so they run with the last bit of relevant information available. In this case what's happening with the temperature outside. I think there's some research around that if you give physicians the results of conflicting diagnostic information, they rely heavily on the results of the last diagnostic test carried out. Same thing with weather forecasters, the more complex and contradictory info they get, the worse they are at making the forecast.
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Hikerguy22
Celebrate the end of Big Oil and Coal; and Meat?
06:34 PM on 03/10/2011
Look at the full moon at the horizon. It looks much bigger than when it is higher in the sky. It is funny how humans can be fooled by mother nature. And I am afraid the too many of us have been fooled and refuse to see the science of global warming. We are the frogs in the slowly increasing heat of the pot (Earth).
04:47 PM on 03/10/2011
Often the simplest answer is right. Just look at your bathroom mirror after a shower and think
about all the concentrated precipitation lately.
04:30 PM on 03/10/2011
well, I think that people donate to causes where lingering doubts don't exist... more recently, the entire NPR fiasco. It's human nature, regardless of ones political point of view, to question a well defined position if it seems to have been manipulated in any way.

So charging 'unbelievers' with 'irrational thinking' is not going to win any converts.
04:28 PM on 03/10/2011
Before global climate change was global warming, the climate scientists predicted a significant reduction in snow fall. Therefore, it was the AGW promoters that created the skepticism.
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GuyRC
FYI: there is a cream for micro-bio.
07:00 PM on 03/10/2011
That is a popular myth but actually there was never a climate science consensus that the climate was cooling. Thanks for spamming the fossil fuel industry PR again for us though, I got all nostalgic.
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ILoveFiction
That's unbelievable!
08:32 PM on 03/10/2011
Great fiction lives on and on.

But this one will be forgotten soon enough.
04:25 PM on 03/10/2011
You guys have no one to blame but yourselves if people have a tendency to use weather to argue against climate change. People like Al Gore, in their efforts to oversell climate change, cited any temporary weather condition that might support their argument. Katrina was hailed as the harbinger of more and more violent hurricane seasons. There were numerous predictions that many parts of the world (e.g. England) would never see snow again. Live by the sword, die by the sword. Too many weather conditions have now occurred which seem to refute the theory of climate change. Anecdotal, yes, but profoundly embarassing to those who predicted otherwise. And mother nature seems to have been particularly unkind to Gore and his pals, usually honoring any major conference on Global Warming (er, Climate Change) with unseasonably cold weather.
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Robco1
04:20 PM on 03/10/2011
Well this points as to why the "commentators" were using the strategy of pointing to the latest snowstorm, but accepting that the media deniers on Faux News and in the MSM are acting on honest belief flies in the face of the evidence to the contrary.

"Here’s how it works: Public relations is not a process of telling people what to think; people are too smart for that, and North Americans are way too stubborn. Tell a bunch of North Americans what they are supposed to think and you’re likely to wind up the only person at the party enjoying your can of New Coke.

No, the trick to executing a good PR campaign is twofold: you figure out what people are thinking already; and then you nudge them gently from that position to one that is closer to where you want them to be. The first step is research: you find out what they know and understand; you identify the specific gaps in their knowledge. Then you fill those gaps with a purpose-built campaign. "
From Jim Hoggan at DeSmog Blog http://www.desmogblog.com/slamming-the-climate-skeptic-scam