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Wray Herbert

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How Americans Really Think About Wealth

Posted: 04/29/11 06:40 PM ET

OK, so I confess I woke myself up at 3:45 a.m. to watch the royal wedding, and I thoroughly enjoyed it. Who doesn't like a good fairy tale? But in order to savor the spectacle, I had to temporarily suppress my discomfort in the face of such opulence. Behind the fairy tale is some of the most obscene wealth inequality in the world.

And it's not just England. Wealth inequality is at historic highs in the U.S. as well, with some estimates suggesting that 1 percent of Americans control nearly half the nation's wealth. Or to put it in starker terms, the bottom 20 percent of Americans hold a measly one-tenth of 1 percent of everything - -real estate, stocks, bonds, art, anything of value.

This feels wrong to me. And as it turns out, it feels wrong to a wide swath of Americans, regardless of party or income level. That's the somewhat surprising conclusion to come out of a new study by Michael Norton of Harvard Business School and Dan Ariely of Duke University. Norton and Ariely surveyed more than 5,000 Americans from 47 states, whose incomes and voting records were representative of the country in 2005. The researchers asked these Americans to estimate the actual distribution of wealth in the U.S. and devise an ideal wealth distribution.

In the first task, the researchers created three unlabeled pie charts showing different distributions of wealth. The first was a perfectly equal distribution -- that is, every one-fifth of the population controlling exactly one-fifth of the wealth. The second reflected the actual wealth distribution in the U.S. The third reflected the wealth distribution in Sweden, which falls between the U.S. and total equality. The respondents were asked to choose which "nation" they would prefer to live in, with the stipulation that they could end up anywhere in the distribution, "from the very richest to the very poorest."

Remember that the respondents were looking at unlabeled pie diagrams. Strikingly, the actual wealth distribution in the U.S. was seen as far less desirable than either the perfect distribution or Sweden's. Indeed, more than 9 of every 10 participants preferred Sweden's wealth distribution to that of the U.S. Just as importantly, this preference was shared equally by men and women, Bush voters and Kerry voters, and citizens of all income levels. Interestingly, respondents also showed a slight preference for Sweden over equal distribution, suggesting that Americans do prefer a little inequality in wealth.

The researchers wanted to drill down a bit more into Americans' preferences, so in the next task, they asked respondents to estimate the actual distribution of wealth in the U.S. -- and to "build a better America" by devising the ideal distribution. To do this, they indicated what percent of the nation's wealth each one-fifth of the population controlled -- and ought to control -- from the top one-fifth to the bottom one-fifth. So they could, in they wanted, give all of the nation's wealth to just the wealthiest one-fifth of Americans, or distribute it exactly evenly -- or anything in between.

The respondents clearly have a distorted grasp of wealth in America -- and they just as clearly want serious change. As reported in a forthcoming issue of the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science, they vastly underestimated the actual wealth inequality in the U.S., believing that the top one-fifth of Americans control 59 percent of the wealth, when in fact it's closer to 84 percent. What's more, their own ideal wealth distributions for the country are far more equitable than even their distorted perceptions of wealth in the U.S. The typical respondent would like to see the top one-fifth of American owning only 32 percent of the wealth. And here's the really interesting part: All the respondents -- including the wealthiest -- said they would redistribute the nation's wealth by moving a large amount of money from the very top to the bottom layers of society, suggesting concern for the nation's least fortunate. And all of the respondents -- even the poorest -- said they preferred some inequality to prfect equity.

All of this taken together suggests that there may actually be more consensus among Americans on an ideal for wealth distribution, one that's much fairer than the American reality today. With the highly polarized policy debates on taxes and safety nets currently heating up our politics, this shared norm is worth celebrating. Americans long ago rejected the monarchy as no more than a fairy tale.

 
 
 
 
 
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02:50 PM on 05/02/2011
I think the term wealth needs to be redefined. Is it how much money is in the bank? Is it how much we have invested? And with that, are we taking debt into account? I think society has been SHOWN a level of "wealth" that is a facade. True wealth usually cannot be seen because it is not flaunted. A book that helped me understand all this, as well as how to generate my OWN wealth is Brass Knuckle Finance written by Jarim Person-Lynn. In it, he talks about how he generated his own wealth, teaching himself things normally only taught to the wealthy. 9-5 jobs will NOT generate wealth, we need to be proactive, learn about money, finance, saving and investing, and do it for ourselves. www.brassknucklefinance.com
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Wray Herbert
Wray Herbert is the author of On Second Thought
03:05 PM on 05/02/2011
Everything you own--real estate, stocks, bonds, cash, artwork, boats, cars, and so forth--minus what you owe, to banks or anyone else.
01:32 PM on 05/02/2011
Wait, I thought it was government workers, healthcare, unions, undocumented workers sucking the country dry and that the GOP wanted to reward the wealthy who deserve to keep their tax money along with the corporations who need those tax cuts so badly. That's the Ryan plan.
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Joseph LeCompte
The USA isnt broke.It was robbed.
12:22 PM on 05/02/2011
everywhere the banks, financial markets and wealthy are getting bailed out, taxes on the wealthy continue to flat or lowered; effective total taxes on the middle and working class are flat or going up; and government services are being cut for the middle class, working class and poor.Corporate rights invented by the Supreme Court (Supreme Corp) Notice the one-sided benefits? The recovery is not for you it is for the few wealthy,privileged elite who were doing extremely well in the first place.
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lrobb
Southern Rational
11:38 AM on 05/02/2011
A little known section of the Dodd-Frank bill requires corporations to divulge the pay of the CEO as a ratio of the median total pay of all other employees to their shareholders.

This means only that the information is out there, not that there will be any action to change CEO compensation. The average compensation for CEOs of the top 400 companies from all sources now exceeds $11m annually.

In 1970 the ration of average CEO pay to that of the average worker was 45-1. Today it is about 348-1.

This would not be so bad if those making over $11m invested in job producing activity such as venture capitalism or bought goods and services made ion the US. That is not the case. The wealthy by and large invest in things which are guaranteed to return a profit on which they take a long term capital gain taxed at 15%.

While it might make us feel good to sock it to the rich, even if we taxed everyone making over $500k per year or more 100% over that $500k, and then went on to confiscate every bit of their wealth, we would still not plug the deficit or pay off our debt.

If we do not quickly find a way to re-patriate decent jobs sent overseas--which means incentivizing companies to do so--and adequately educate every single child in the US we will not only become like Yugoslavia politically, we will be Mexico economically.
nothingchanges
too soon old, too late smart
11:12 AM on 05/02/2011
The "trickle down theory" of economics was (intentionally or not) aptly named.

Problem is, it wasn't money that "trickled down"

And the majority of Americans became Peons.
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MJinCanada
Safe from zombies until my 2nd cup of coffee
10:39 AM on 05/02/2011
Money doesn't grow on trees and there's no such thing as an Infrastructure Fairy.

If wealthy business owners and shareholders want a stable, safe place base of operations and a healthy, educated workforce, then they either have to pay their workers enough that the workers can look after all their needs and pay their share of taxes OR they have to pay a much higher tax rate so that the state (state meaning any form of government) can provide education and health care and build and maintain the infrastructure business needs.

If the folks writing themselves big cheques don't want to pay living wages or taxes, then they are ruining their workforce, impoverishing and eliminating their customer base, undermining the infrastructure they depend on, and turning their country into a third world nation.

The smart capitalists can see this. That's why higher income people also picked the Swedish wealth distribution pie.
kellygreen
"Ideology is the Science of Idiots" John Adams
11:05 AM on 05/02/2011
That...and trying to live in a castle perched upon a trash heap really isn't very fun.

Because what you save in taxes and wages...you wind up having to spend on police and private security.

The smart affluent can see this....the reactionary rich...not so much.
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MJinCanada
Safe from zombies until my 2nd cup of coffee
02:47 PM on 05/02/2011
Exactly. There was the same sort of divide during the Industrial Revolution, when some people had a hard time understanding that increasing production of crappy products by workers who couldn't afford any of them was a dead end, or that the rich could also die from typhoid and cholera that their servants carried from the slums.

But then, and even just a hundred years ago, workers could leave the horrible factory jobs behind, risk their lives on a crowded immigrant ship or immigrant train, and take a make-or-break chance on a homestead.

There's no place for today's oppressed to go.
03:30 PM on 05/02/2011
-- eating the seed corn, as it were. F&F
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Talossa
Not all liberals are silly.
12:46 AM on 05/02/2011
Re. the royal wedding. I think there's something wonderful about having a rich elite that doesn't actually oppress or exploit anybody. The USA has a lot to learn from the Windsors.
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Joseph LeCompte
The USA isnt broke.It was robbed.
12:26 PM on 05/02/2011
say again? Untill 1945, when the last war of Kings was fought.The royals where Royally destroying the World. They still have the cash not the title
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Overtone
See bio on the Aesop Institute website
10:23 PM on 05/01/2011
See A New, New Deal at www.aesopinstitute.org for a well proven financial technique of promoting economic growth while spreading the wealth in a way almost everyone would appreciate.

Then see a proposed new version of the Homestead Act that would carry that process further forward and provide substantial second incomes.to most of us as a supplement to job income.

Excess wealth concentration is likely an unrecognized cause of the great depression, recessions and inflation, according to the late economist Robert Edmonds.

The time has come to end it as fast as is humanly possible.
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Randolph Greer
I am a Poet .
09:56 PM on 05/01/2011
There is nothing surprising about this study , it has produced the same results all other studies have produced on this subject . The American people have always had a good sense of fairness . They has consistently asked the politicians in Washington to address this issue but the politicians ignore it completely because they only represent the greedy few who pay for their election. It is not more complicated than that . The simplest solution would be for the American people to simply remove all but the Progressive caucus from the Congress and all but Bernie Sanders from the Senate . Then replace the rest of them with firemen, environmentalists, teachers, policemen, garbage collectors, social security recipients, the disabled, civil servants, small business owners, nurses, and volunteers for non-profits . This would solve all our problems easily.
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lrobb
Southern Rational
11:41 AM on 05/02/2011
Or simply vote for term limits.
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MJinCanada
Safe from zombies until my 2nd cup of coffee
02:35 PM on 05/02/2011
Term limits aren't enough. Publicly funded elections, and limits on donations and spending would allow people with more brains than money run for office.
08:36 PM on 05/01/2011
The rich accuse the working classes of sucking them dry whilst they suck the working class dry...and the people believe the rich. Just shows the power of funding political influence and propaganda doesn't it.
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JudgeCCrater
From under a NJ boardwalk thanks to free Wi-Fi!
08:15 PM on 05/01/2011
"...and they just as clearly want serious change" until the R smoke-and-mirrors brigade shows up and overwhelms their short little attention spans with unadulterated crap about taxes, socialism and birth certificates.
kellygreen
"Ideology is the Science of Idiots" John Adams
11:07 AM on 05/02/2011
and the latest in the revolving series of brown-skinned bogeymen that are out to "destroy America".
schatsie
banks are more dangerous than standing armies
07:28 PM on 05/01/2011
It is the top 400 who have 50% of the wealth......that is the top 1 millionth of the population and they pay the preferential capital gains rate of 15% instead of paying income tax rates like the bottom 95%....and They DEDUCT EVERYTHING as business expenses....
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ahumbleopinion
tax $$$ for public services, not private profits
06:46 PM on 05/01/2011
If Americans knew the facts about the increasing concentration of income and wealth in our country, they logically would not like it. The problem is that the facts are hidden beneath a steady stream of right wing propaganda which makes people think the rich are being picked on. For some bizarre reason, Tea Party folks are happy to sacrifice their health so that Donald Trump, Wall Street bankers, or BP can have another tax break. Go figure.
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wikwox
So there I was, playing the piano....
06:38 PM on 05/01/2011
It's called Plutocracy, and it's on the march in Americaq and much of the world. It's a point where the rich can buy politicians and whole governments and make a mockery of democracy. And I say we're at that point in America, pushed over the edge by a bought and paid for congress and a shameless "supreme court" that is openly the tool of the wealthy and powerfull, This is how revolutions get going, this is how civil wars begin and yet we allow it to happen. We need to fight and it's not in Afghanistan or Iraq, it's right here, right now.
05:23 PM on 05/01/2011
Americans are divided about "wealth":

FOr Conservatives it's a privilege, accorded through hard work, luck, life, pursuing their individual happiness.

For liberals its an entitlement, paid for by somebody else.

Very simple.
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new beginning
Practice random acts of kindness-change the world
05:30 PM on 05/01/2011
Yes sir.
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JudgeCCrater
From under a NJ boardwalk thanks to free Wi-Fi!
08:17 PM on 05/01/2011
Reading comprehension not your strong suit?
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Terry T
11:31 AM on 05/02/2011
But being snarky is clearly your strong suit. Would you actually like to say something in a future post? That would be lovely. God bless and have a great day.
02:12 PM on 05/02/2011
Hey, Judge, where you been hidin' all these years?? Did FDR put you in the witness protection program with a tenured government position?