Report Summary
The 2012 wildfire season isn’t over yet, but already this year is shaping up to be the one of the worst on record in the American West. According to the National Interagency Fire Center, with nearly two months still to go in the fire season, the total area already burned this year is 30 percent more than in an average year, and fires have consumed more than 8.6 million acres, an area larger than the state of Maryland.
Yet, what defines a “typical” wildfire year in the West is changing. In the past 40 years, rising spring and summer temperatures, along with shrinking winter snowpack, have increased the risk of wildfires in most parts of the West.
Studies show that continued climate change is going to make wildfires much more common in the coming decades.
The National Research Council reports that for every degree Celsius (1.8oF) of temperature increase, the size of the area burned in the Western U.S. could quadruple. According to the IPCC 4th Assessment Report, summer temperatures in western North America could increase between 3.6oF and 9oF by the middle of this century.
Annual number of wildfires greater than 1,000 acres on U.S. Forest Service Land has been increasing. Click image to enlarge.
Key Findings
Our analysis of 42 years of U.S. Forest Service records for 11 Western states shows that:
- The number of large and very large fires on Forest Service land is increasingly dramatically. Compared to the average year in the 1970’s, in the past decade there were:
- 7 times more fires greater than 10,000 acres each year
- Nearly 5 times more fires larger than 25,000 acres each year
- Twice as many fires over 1,000 acres each year, with an average of more than 100 per year from 2002 through 2011, compared with less than 50 during the 1970’s.
Wildfires larger than 10,000 acres are about seven times more common now than they were 40 years ago on U.S. Forest Service Land. Click image to enlarge
Previous research reveals that climatic changes, including increasing temperatures and the earlier onset of spring snowmelt, have been linked to increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases and are likely influencing these damaging fire trends. As average global temperatures rise, researchers project that the risk of wildfires in America’s West will accelerate.
Average annual temperatures overlaid with number of fires. Click image to enlarge.
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