Former professional scuba diver Don C. Reed is a stem cell research advocate, and author of books including "Stem Cell Battles", 2016.
Former professional scuba diver Don C. Reed is a stem cell research advocate, and author of books including "Stem Cell Battles", 2016.
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Benefit # 18 (of 71) of the California Stem Cell Program: ENGINEERING INTESTINES FOR A PREMATURE CHILD?
By Don C. Reed
If Dr. Tracy Grikscheit’s work prevails, one day the world may know something most of us never think about-- how to improve defective intestines.
Why would we want to do such a thing?
To save a baby’s life.
First, consider the problem.
A premature infant may weigh 500 grams. Born too soon, their intestines may be susceptible to a condition called Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS).
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At present, options for remediation are few, and unsatisfactory.
To save the child’s life, a surgeon like Dr. Grikscheit, (M.D., at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles) must perform a demanding operation. Like a length of rope, the intestines are lifted out of the body— both ends still attached-- and the non-working bits are removed. The remainder is sewn back together, and replaced.
But what remains may not be enough. If the intestine does not have enough surface area to absorb nutrition, the child may need intravenous feeding, which can have complications of its own.
Or, the child may require a small bowel transplant: someone else’s intestines are put in, with all the problems of donor availability, and the body’s rejection of another person’s parts.
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And afterward? The reduced intestine may not retain the food long enough to process it properly; the body passes it too quickly, without absorbing the needed nutritional benefits. The baby will have to be fed intravenously.
Even with a successful operation, in cases where much of the intestine has been destroyed, the child’s chances of survival are not high-- the really small premature children who require resection of most of their intestine may not survive long enough to receive a transplant.
“Small bowel transplants… have many problems, including poor graft survival, rejection, limited donor supply, surgical morbidity, and a lifelong (need for) immunosuppression.”
Instead-- imagine the doctor saying: “We’re going to make a TESI for your child!”
Tessy? What’s that?
Making a usable Tissue Engineered Small Intestine (TESI) is one of the goals of Dr. Grikscheit’s professional life.
Basically, a tiny dissolvable scaffold is made. It is hoped that some of the baby’s own cells will be put on this scaffold, possibly encouraged by a growth factor. This living tissue would be placed inside the baby, and his/her life would go on, and become normal.
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Is this possible?
Working on a grant from the California stem cell program, Dr. G. reports:
“We have shown that TESI forms when autologous cells (from the patient) are implanted on a polymer scaffold, and that TESI exactly (duplicates) native intestine… Importantly, animals recover from massive small bowel resection with TESI. Other regions of the gut (may also be made) via this approach.
“Our goal is to translate TESI … to an autologous human cell based therapy. Patients who needed emergency surgery for their intestine…could potentially be treated with TESI…Usable engineered intestines would be far less expensive, more durable, and require less maintenance than any current therapy.”
And a family goes home happy from the hospital…
As Dr. Grikscheit puts it, “We need to give these children a better future, measured not in months, but in decades like the rest of us.”
Don C. Reed is the author of “STEM CELL BATTLES: Proposition 71 and Beyond: How Ordinary People Can Fight Back Against the Crushing Burdens of Chronic Disease”, World Scientific Publishing, 2016.
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