volkswagen
Ford, BMW, Volkswagen and Honda had voluntarily agreed to recognize California's vehicle emissions standards, clashing with the White House.
The election underscores the challenges unions still face in organizing workers in the South.
At stake are 1,700 potential members and a major foothold in an area not friendly to unions.
The cute-as-a-bug car carried everyone from Hitler to hippies.
WHAT'S HAPPENING
The last Beetle will be produced next summer, VW announced.
Rupert Stadler is the most senior Volkswagen official so far to be arrested over the German carmaker’s emissions test cheating scandal.
Martin Winterkorn resigned soon after the scandal became public in 2015.
BMW, Daimler and Volkswagen have distanced themselves from the studies or apologized.
States can spend as much as 15 percent of their payout to subsidize construction of public charging stations for electric cars.
“This crime ... attacks and destroys the very foundation of our economic system,” the judge said.